Atomic Structure Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?

  • Electrons and Neutrons
  • Protons and Electrons
  • Protons and Neutrons (correct)
  • Neutrons and Charged Cloud

What does the atomic number represent?

  • The number of protons in the nucleus (correct)
  • The number of electrons surrounding the nucleus
  • The total number of particles in the atom
  • The number of neutrons in the nucleus

Which statement is true about atoms?

  • Atoms can gain or lose protons to become neutral.
  • Atoms are electrically neutral when the number of protons equals the number of electrons. (correct)
  • Atoms consist only of protons and electrons.
  • Atoms of different elements can have the same number of protons.

What substance cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means?

<p>Element (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the atomic structure of Carbon (C), what is its atomic number?

<p>6 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does mass refer to in the context of atomic mass?

<p>The amount of substance present (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the atomic mass of an atom determined?

<p>By summing the number of protons and neutrons (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes a cation?

<p>More protons than electrons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines an anion?

<p>A charged particle with more electrons than protons (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement is true about neutral atoms?

<p>They have the same number of electrons and protons (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary conclusion of the Rutherford scattering experiment?

<p>Atoms contain a small central nucleus surrounded by electrons. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What prediction was made regarding the behavior of alpha particles in the Rutherford experiment?

<p>Alpha particles would not be deflected much if the hypothesis was correct. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was an important aspect of scientific thinking demonstrated in the Rutherford experiment?

<p>The experiment involved testing a hypothesis through observation and analysis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was a significant observation made during the Rutherford scattering experiment?

<p>The majority of alpha particles passed through the foil unimpeded. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do the findings of the Rutherford experiment contribute to our understanding of atomic structure?

<p>They suggest that a nucleus exists, leading to deeper atomic models. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes isotopes of a single element from each other?

<p>Different numbers of neutrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of radioactive isotopes?

<p>They emit radiation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the chemical behavior of an atom?

<p>The number and arrangement of its electrons (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the Bohr model, how are electrons arranged around the nucleus?

<p>In discrete orbits (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many electrons can occupy a single orbital?

<p>Two (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the process of gaining an electron referred to in a redox reaction?

<p>Reduction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding oxidation?

<p>It results in energy loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the octet rule, how do atoms generally behave with respect to their valence electrons?

<p>They aim to establish a fully filled outer energy level. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symbol represents the loss of electrons in a reaction?

<p>$e^-$ (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe elements that are nonreactive due to having a full complement of valence electrons?

<p>Inert elements (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to an electron when it moves farther from the nucleus?

<p>It gains potential energy. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a redox reaction, which process is characterized as oxidation?

<p>Losing an electron. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes reduction in the context of redox reactions?

<p>Reduction involves gaining electrons and usually hydrogen ions. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What four elements make up 96.3% of human body weight?

<p>Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many naturally occurring elements are there in the periodic table?

<p>90 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between energy levels and orbitals in an atom?

<p>Energy levels are depicted as rings, while orbitals have complex shapes. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mnemonic can help remember the processes of redox reactions?

<p>LEO goes GER. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term is used to describe molecules that are composed of two or more different types of elements?

<p>Compounds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which elements are primarily contained in organic molecules?

<p>Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What holds atoms together in molecules or compounds?

<p>Chemical bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the single most outstanding chemical property of water?

<p>Its ability to form hydrogen bonds (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT known to influence the extent of a chemical reaction?

<p>Color of the reactants (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which state is water represented by glaciers?

<p>Solid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a property of water in its gaseous state?

<p>It can easily condense into liquid (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of reversible reactions?

<p>Products can revert back to reactants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs when a sodium atom loses an electron?

<p>It becomes a sodium ion (Na⁺). (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms?

<p>Covalent bonding. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of molecules like H₂ that are formed through covalent bonds?

<p>They consist of two shared valence electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically happens to ions when placed in water?

<p>They are disrupted by electrical attraction of water molecules. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What determines the strength of a covalent bond?

<p>The number of shared valence electrons. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines a polar covalent bond?

<p>Unequal sharing of electrons between atoms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a chemical reaction, what term refers to the molecules that are formed as a result of the reaction?

<p>Products (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes electronegativity?

<p>It is a measure of an atom's affinity for electrons. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the chemical equation $6H_2O + 6CO_2 ightarrow C_6H_{12}O_6 + 6O_2$ illustrate?

<p>The conversion of reactants into products. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is represented by the partial positive charge ($ ext{ extdelta}^+$) in a polar covalent bond?

<p>An atom with a lower electronegativity. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Atom Structure

Atoms are composed of a positively charged nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons.

Rutherford Experiment

An experiment using alpha particles to discover the atom's nucleus.

Atom Nucleus

A small, dense, positively charged center of an atom.

Alpha Particle

A positively charged particle used in Rutherford's experiment.

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Scientific Method

A process for developing an understanding of the natural world.

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Atomic Number

The number of protons in an atom, equal to the number of electrons. It identifies an element.

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Element

A substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means.

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Proton

Positively charged particle in the atomic nucleus.

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Electron

Negatively charged particle orbiting the atomic nucleus.

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Atomic Mass

The total mass of an atom, calculated by adding the number of protons and neutrons. Each proton and neutron contributes approximately 1 Dalton to the atomic mass.

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Weight vs. Mass

Weight is the force of gravity on an object, while mass is the amount of substance in an object. Atomic Mass refers to the amount of substance in an atom.

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Ions

Atoms that have gained or lost electrons, resulting in a net positive (cation) or negative (anion) charge.

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What makes an ion?

Ions are formed when atoms gain or lose electrons. Losing electrons creates a positive charge (cation), while gaining electrons creates a negative charge (anion).

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Isotopes

Atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons. They have the same chemical properties but different atomic masses.

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Radioactive Isotopes

Unstable isotopes that undergo radioactive decay, emitting radiation as their nuclei break down.

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Half-life

The time it takes for half of the radioactive atoms in a sample to decay.

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Electron Arrangement

The distribution of electrons in different energy levels and orbitals around the nucleus, which determines an atom's chemical behavior.

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Energy Levels

Different regions around the nucleus where electrons can reside, with higher energy levels further away from the nucleus.

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Energy Levels in Atoms

Electrons have potential energy based on their distance from the nucleus. Electrons farther from the nucleus possess a higher energy level.

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Oxidation

Oxidation is the loss of an electron by an atom during a chemical reaction. This process releases energy.

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Reduction

Reduction is the gain of an electron by an atom during a chemical reaction. This process consumes energy.

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Redox Reactions

Redox reactions involve the transfer of electrons between atoms, resulting in both oxidation (loss of electrons) and reduction (gain of electrons) occurring simultaneously.

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Electrons in Redox

In redox reactions, electrons retain their energy even when transferred between atoms. Therefore, the energy change during redox relates to the energy difference between the initial and final positions of the electron.

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Oxidant

A substance that gains electrons and is reduced in a redox reaction. It causes the oxidation of another substance.

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What are the most abundant elements in the human body?

Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen make up 96.3% of human body weight, making them the most abundant.

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What are organic molecules primarily made of?

Organic molecules are primarily composed of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and nitrogen. These elements form the backbone of many biological molecules.

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Molecules

A molecule is formed when two or more atoms are held together in a stable association. The atoms may be the same or different.

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Compounds

A compound is a type of molecule that contains more than one type of element.

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Chemical Bonds

These are forces that hold atoms together in molecules or compounds. Chemical bonds are formed by the sharing or transfer of electrons between atoms.

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Ionic bond

A bond formed between oppositely charged ions, resulting from the transfer of electrons from one atom to another.

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Electronegativity

An atom's tendency to attract electrons towards itself when forming a chemical bond.

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Polar Covalent Bond

A covalent bond where electrons are shared unequally, resulting in a partial positive charge on one atom and a partial negative charge on the other.

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Covalent bond

A bond formed when atoms share two or more valence electrons to achieve a stable electron configuration.

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Types of Covalent bonds

Single, double, and triple covalent bonds differ in the number of electrons shared between atoms: one, two, or three pairs, respectively.

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Nonpolar Covalent Bond

A covalent bond where electrons are shared equally between two atoms, resulting in no charge difference.

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Chemical Reaction

A process involving the breaking and forming of chemical bonds, resulting in the rearrangement of atoms and the creation of new molecules.

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What is an octet rule?

The octet rule describes the tendency for atoms to gain, lose, or share electrons in order to achieve a stable electron configuration with eight electrons in their outermost shell.

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Electronegativity

The measure of an atom's ability to attract electrons in a covalent bond.

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Reactants & Products

Reactants are the starting materials in a chemical reaction, while products are the substances formed as a result of the reaction.

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What influences the extent of a chemical reaction?

The extent of a chemical reaction is influenced by factors such as temperature, concentration of reactants and products, and the presence of catalysts. Many reactions are also reversible.

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Hydrogen bond

A weak chemical association formed between the partially negative oxygen (O) atom and the partially positive hydrogen (H) atom of two water molecules.

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Water's states

Water exists in three states: solid (ice), liquid (water), and gas (water vapor).

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Solid water

Water in its solid state, typically found as ice or glaciers.

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Liquid water

Water in its liquid state, commonly seen as rivers, lakes, or waterfalls.

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