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Questions and Answers
What determines the element of an atom?
What determines the element of an atom?
Which subatomic particle has no charge?
Which subatomic particle has no charge?
What is the central part of an atom?
What is the central part of an atom?
What determines the isotope of an element?
What determines the isotope of an element?
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What is the arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels or shells?
What is the arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels or shells?
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Which statement is true about electron shells?
Which statement is true about electron shells?
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What is the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element?
What is the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element?
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What determines an element's chemical properties?
What determines an element's chemical properties?
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Where are electrons found in an atom?
Where are electrons found in an atom?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
Definition
- An atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains the properties of that element.
- Atomic structure refers to the composition and arrangement of particles within an atom.
Subatomic Particles
-
Protons:
- Positively charged particles
- Found in the nucleus (central part) of the atom
- Number of protons determines the element (atomic number)
-
Neutrons:
- No charge (neutral)
- Found in the nucleus along with protons
- Number of neutrons determines the isotope of an element
-
Electrons:
- Negatively charged particles
- Found in energy levels or shells around the nucleus
- Number of electrons equals the number of protons (neutral atom)
Atomic Nucleus
- The central part of the atom containing protons and neutrons
- Positively charged due to protons
- Extremely dense and small compared to the atom as a whole
Electron Shells
- Energy levels or shells around the nucleus where electrons are found
- Each shell has a specific capacity for electrons
- Shells are designated by energy levels (1, 2, 3, etc.) or by letters (K, L, M, etc.)
- Electron shells are filled in a specific order (Aufbau principle)
Electron Configuration
- The arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels or shells
- Describes the number of electrons in each shell and the energy level they occupy
- Electron configuration determines an element's chemical properties
Atomic Structure
Definition
- Atom is the smallest unit of a chemical element that retains its properties
- Atomic structure refers to the composition and arrangement of particles within an atom
Subatomic Particles
Protons
- Positively charged particles
- Found in the nucleus of the atom
- Determines the element (atomic number)
Neutrons
- No charge (neutral)
- Found in the nucleus along with protons
- Determines the isotope of an element
Electrons
- Negatively charged particles
- Found in energy levels or shells around the nucleus
- Number of electrons equals the number of protons in a neutral atom
Atomic Nucleus
- Central part of the atom containing protons and neutrons
- Positively charged due to protons
- Extremely dense and small compared to the atom as a whole
Electron Shells
- Energy levels or shells around the nucleus where electrons are found
- Each shell has a specific capacity for electrons
- Shells are designated by energy levels (1, 2, 3, etc.) or by letters (K, L, M, etc.)
- Electron shells are filled in a specific order (Aufbau principle)
Electron Configuration
- Arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels or shells
- Describes the number of electrons in each shell and the energy level they occupy
- Electron configuration determines an element's chemical properties
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Description
Understand the composition and arrangement of particles within an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons.
