Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the mass of a proton in atomic mass units?
What is the mass of a proton in atomic mass units?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an electron?
Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an electron?
What is the atomic number (Z) of an element?
What is the atomic number (Z) of an element?
What is the Aufbau Principle?
What is the Aufbau Principle?
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What is the trend in atomic size in a period?
What is the trend in atomic size in a period?
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What is the valence shell?
What is the valence shell?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
Basic Components
- Proton: positively charged, found in the nucleus, mass = 1 amu (atomic mass unit)
- Neutron: no charge, found in the nucleus, mass = 1 amu
- Electron: negatively charged, found in the electron cloud, mass = 1/1836 amu
Atomic Nucleus
- Nucleus: central region of the atom, made up of protons and neutrons
- Atomic Number (Z): number of protons in the nucleus, defines the element
- Mass Number (A): total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, represents the atomic mass
Electron Cloud
- Electron Cloud: region around the nucleus where electrons are found
- Energy Levels: electrons occupy specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus
- Valence Shell: outermost energy level, involved in chemical bonding
Electron Configuration
- Electron Configuration: arrangement of electrons in an atom's energy levels
- Aufbau Principle: electrons occupy the lowest available energy level
- Pauli's Exclusion Principle: no two electrons in an atom can have the same set of quantum numbers
Atomic Radius and Atomic Size
- Atomic Radius: distance from the nucleus to the outermost electron
- Atomic Size: varies depending on the element, generally increases down a group and decreases across a period
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Description
Test your understanding of the basic components of an atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons. Learn about the atomic nucleus, electron cloud, electron configuration, and atomic radius.
