Atomic Structure Basics
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Atomic Structure Basics

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@BriskThulium

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Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of valence electrons in an atom?

  • To contribute to the atomic mass of an atom
  • To define the atomic number of an element
  • To occupy specific energy levels around the nucleus
  • To participate in chemical bonding (correct)

    • What does the atomic number of an element determine?

  • The number of neutrons in an atom
  • The atomic mass of an isotope
  • The electron configuration of an atom
  • The identity of an element (correct)

    • What is the region where electrons are likely to be found in an atom?

  • Electron cloud (correct)
  • Electron cloud shape
  • Nucleus
  • Energy levels

    • What is the term for atoms of the same element with different atomic masses?

    <p>Isotopes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the shape of an electron cloud?

    <p>Number of electrons and energy levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the central region of the atom composed of?

    <p>Protons and neutrons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the building blocks of matter?

    <p>Atomicity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost energy level?

    <p>Atomic radius</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Atomic Structure

    Subatomic Particles

    • Protons: positively charged, found in the nucleus, atomic number (number of protons) defines the element
    • Neutrons: no charge, found in the nucleus, atomic mass (protons + neutrons) defines the isotope
    • Electrons: negatively charged, orbit the nucleus, equal in number to protons (neutral atom)

    Atomic Nucleus

    • Nucleus: central region of the atom, composed of protons and neutrons
    • Atomic Number: number of protons in the nucleus, defines the element (e.g., H=1, C=6, O=8)
    • Atomic Mass: total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, defines the isotope (e.g., carbon-12, oxygen-16)

    Electron Configuration

    • Energy Levels (Shells): electrons occupy specific energy levels around the nucleus
    • Electron Cloud: region where electrons are likely to be found
    • Valence Electrons: outermost energy level, participate in chemical bonding

    Atomic Size and Shape

    • Atomic Radius: distance from the nucleus to the outermost energy level
    • Electron Cloud Shape: influenced by the number of electrons and energy levels

    Key Concepts

    • Atomicity: atoms are the building blocks of matter
    • Element: a substance consisting of atoms with the same atomic number
    • Isotope: atoms of the same element with different atomic masses

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    Description

    Learn the fundamentals of atomic structure, including subatomic particles, atomic nucleus, electron configuration, atomic size, and shape. Understand the key concepts of atomicity, elements, and isotopes.

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