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Questions and Answers
What is the primary function of valence electrons in an atom?
What is the primary function of valence electrons in an atom?
What does the atomic number of an element determine?
What does the atomic number of an element determine?
What is the region where electrons are likely to be found in an atom?
What is the region where electrons are likely to be found in an atom?
What is the term for atoms of the same element with different atomic masses?
What is the term for atoms of the same element with different atomic masses?
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What determines the shape of an electron cloud?
What determines the shape of an electron cloud?
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What is the central region of the atom composed of?
What is the central region of the atom composed of?
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What is the term for the building blocks of matter?
What is the term for the building blocks of matter?
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What is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost energy level?
What is the distance from the nucleus to the outermost energy level?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
Subatomic Particles
- Protons: positively charged, found in the nucleus, atomic number (number of protons) defines the element
- Neutrons: no charge, found in the nucleus, atomic mass (protons + neutrons) defines the isotope
- Electrons: negatively charged, orbit the nucleus, equal in number to protons (neutral atom)
Atomic Nucleus
- Nucleus: central region of the atom, composed of protons and neutrons
- Atomic Number: number of protons in the nucleus, defines the element (e.g., H=1, C=6, O=8)
- Atomic Mass: total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus, defines the isotope (e.g., carbon-12, oxygen-16)
Electron Configuration
- Energy Levels (Shells): electrons occupy specific energy levels around the nucleus
- Electron Cloud: region where electrons are likely to be found
- Valence Electrons: outermost energy level, participate in chemical bonding
Atomic Size and Shape
- Atomic Radius: distance from the nucleus to the outermost energy level
- Electron Cloud Shape: influenced by the number of electrons and energy levels
Key Concepts
- Atomicity: atoms are the building blocks of matter
- Element: a substance consisting of atoms with the same atomic number
- Isotope: atoms of the same element with different atomic masses
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Description
Learn the fundamentals of atomic structure, including subatomic particles, atomic nucleus, electron configuration, atomic size, and shape. Understand the key concepts of atomicity, elements, and isotopes.
