Atomic Structure: Atoms and Their Components
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Atomic Structure: Atoms and Their Components

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Questions and Answers

What is an element?

  • A pure substance made up of atoms of different elements
  • The simplest pure substance that cannot be simplified to give new substances (correct)
  • A compound made up of atoms of the same element
  • A molecule formed when two or more atoms bond together

    • What is sodium chloride?

  • An element
  • A molecule
  • A compound (correct)
  • A mixture

    • What is molecular hydrogen?

  • A molecule (correct)
  • A compound
  • A mixture
  • An element

    • What is true about all compounds?

    <p>They are all molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many naturally occurring elements are there in nature?

    <p>More than 90</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a molecule?

    <p>Two or more atoms bonded together</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total electric charge of the nucleus in an atom?

    <ul> <li>Ze</li> </ul> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the mass of an atom approximately equal to?

    <p>The mass of the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the defining characteristic of isotopes of a particular element?

    <p>They have the same number of protons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect on the number of protons in an atom when it gains or loses electrons?

    <p>The number of protons remains the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a polyatomic ion?

    <p>An ion formed from several atoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the total electric charge of an atom?

    <p>Zero</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of protons in an atom?

    <p>To carry a positive electrical charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the central part of the atom?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is represented by the symbol Z?

    <p>Atomic number</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an element?

    <p>A substance made entirely from one type of atom</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe particles found in the nucleus?

    <p>Nucleons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of a neutral atom?

    <p>Is electrically neutral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Elements, Compounds, and Molecules

    • Elements are the simplest pure substances that cannot be simplified to give new substances.
    • There are more than 90 naturally occurring elements in nature.
    • Examples of elements include sodium (Na), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), iron (Fe), gold (Au), and uranium (U).

    Compounds

    • A compound is a pure substance made up of atoms of different elements chemically combined.
    • Examples of compounds include sodium chloride (NaCl), carbon dioxide (CO2), glucose (C6H12O6), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).

    Molecules

    • A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond together.
    • Examples of molecules include molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen (O2), and molecular nitrogen (N2).
    • Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and sodium chloride (NaCl) are compound molecules because each is made from more than one type of element.
    • All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.

    Charge of the Atom

    • The nucleus includes Z protons of electric charge +e each, making its total electric charge +Ze.
    • The electron cloud includes Z electrons of electric charge -e each, making its total electric charge -Ze.
    • The total electric charge of the atom is equal to zero because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.

    Subatomic Particles

    • Proton: +1 relative charge
    • Neutron: 0 relative charge
    • Electron: -1 relative charge

    Mass of the Atom

    • The mass of an electron is negligible compared to the mass of a nucleon (proton or neutron).
    • The mass of the atom is equal to the mass of its nucleus.

    Isotopes

    • Isotopes are different versions of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
    • Examples include hydrogen atoms with no neutrons, one neutron, or two neutrons.

    Ions

    • Ions are electrically charged atoms formed when atoms gain or lose electrons.
    • The loss or gain of electrons never modifies the number of protons in the nucleus.
    • Ions can be either positively charged or negatively charged.
    • Polyatomic ions are formed when several atoms combine.

    Atomic Structure

    • Atoms are composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
    • Protons carry a positive electrical charge, electrons carry a negative electrical charge, and neutrons carry no electrical charge.
    • The nucleus is the central part of the atom containing protons and neutrons.
    • Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in electron clouds or electron shells.

    Nuclide and Atomic Number

    • The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the atomic number of that atom, represented by the letter Z.
    • X represents the chemical symbol of an element, where A is the mass number and Z is the atomic number.
    • If n is assigned to the number of neutrons found in a nucleus, then A = Z + n.

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    Description

    Learn about the basic building blocks of matter, including the composition of atoms and the properties of protons, electrons, and neutrons.

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