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Questions and Answers
What is an element?
What is an element?
What is sodium chloride?
What is sodium chloride?
What is molecular hydrogen?
What is molecular hydrogen?
What is true about all compounds?
What is true about all compounds?
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How many naturally occurring elements are there in nature?
How many naturally occurring elements are there in nature?
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What is a molecule?
What is a molecule?
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What is the total electric charge of the nucleus in an atom?
What is the total electric charge of the nucleus in an atom?
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What is the mass of an atom approximately equal to?
What is the mass of an atom approximately equal to?
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What is the defining characteristic of isotopes of a particular element?
What is the defining characteristic of isotopes of a particular element?
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What is the effect on the number of protons in an atom when it gains or loses electrons?
What is the effect on the number of protons in an atom when it gains or loses electrons?
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What is a polyatomic ion?
What is a polyatomic ion?
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What is the total electric charge of an atom?
What is the total electric charge of an atom?
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What is the function of protons in an atom?
What is the function of protons in an atom?
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What is the term used to describe the central part of the atom?
What is the term used to describe the central part of the atom?
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What is represented by the symbol Z?
What is represented by the symbol Z?
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What is an element?
What is an element?
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What is the term used to describe particles found in the nucleus?
What is the term used to describe particles found in the nucleus?
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What is the characteristic of a neutral atom?
What is the characteristic of a neutral atom?
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Study Notes
Elements, Compounds, and Molecules
- Elements are the simplest pure substances that cannot be simplified to give new substances.
- There are more than 90 naturally occurring elements in nature.
- Examples of elements include sodium (Na), hydrogen (H), oxygen (O), iron (Fe), gold (Au), and uranium (U).
Compounds
- A compound is a pure substance made up of atoms of different elements chemically combined.
- Examples of compounds include sodium chloride (NaCl), carbon dioxide (CO2), glucose (C6H12O6), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4).
Molecules
- A molecule is formed when two or more atoms bond together.
- Examples of molecules include molecular hydrogen (H2), molecular oxygen (O2), and molecular nitrogen (N2).
- Water (H2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), methane (CH4), and sodium chloride (NaCl) are compound molecules because each is made from more than one type of element.
- All compounds are molecules, but not all molecules are compounds.
Charge of the Atom
- The nucleus includes Z protons of electric charge +e each, making its total electric charge +Ze.
- The electron cloud includes Z electrons of electric charge -e each, making its total electric charge -Ze.
- The total electric charge of the atom is equal to zero because the number of protons is equal to the number of electrons.
Subatomic Particles
- Proton: +1 relative charge
- Neutron: 0 relative charge
- Electron: -1 relative charge
Mass of the Atom
- The mass of an electron is negligible compared to the mass of a nucleon (proton or neutron).
- The mass of the atom is equal to the mass of its nucleus.
Isotopes
- Isotopes are different versions of an element with the same number of protons but a different number of neutrons.
- Examples include hydrogen atoms with no neutrons, one neutron, or two neutrons.
Ions
- Ions are electrically charged atoms formed when atoms gain or lose electrons.
- The loss or gain of electrons never modifies the number of protons in the nucleus.
- Ions can be either positively charged or negatively charged.
- Polyatomic ions are formed when several atoms combine.
Atomic Structure
- Atoms are composed of protons, electrons, and neutrons.
- Protons carry a positive electrical charge, electrons carry a negative electrical charge, and neutrons carry no electrical charge.
- The nucleus is the central part of the atom containing protons and neutrons.
- Electrons are arranged around the nucleus in electron clouds or electron shells.
Nuclide and Atomic Number
- The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is the atomic number of that atom, represented by the letter Z.
- X represents the chemical symbol of an element, where A is the mass number and Z is the atomic number.
- If n is assigned to the number of neutrons found in a nucleus, then A = Z + n.
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Description
Learn about the basic building blocks of matter, including the composition of atoms and the properties of protons, electrons, and neutrons.