Podcast
Questions and Answers
What fundamental property distinguishes isotopes of the same element?
What fundamental property distinguishes isotopes of the same element?
- Different mass numbers (correct)
- Different numbers of protons
- Different atomic numbers
- Same number of neutrons
The melting and boiling points increase down Group 1 (Alkali Metals) in the periodic table.
The melting and boiling points increase down Group 1 (Alkali Metals) in the periodic table.
False (B)
An atom is most stable when its outermost electron shell is what?
An atom is most stable when its outermost electron shell is what?
full
The number of protons in an atom is also known as its ______ number.
The number of protons in an atom is also known as its ______ number.
If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons and a mass number of 17, how many neutrons does it have?
If an isotope of oxygen has 8 protons and a mass number of 17, how many neutrons does it have?
Flashcards
Atomic Number
Atomic Number
The number of protons in an atom's nucleus.
Isotopes
Isotopes
Same atomic number but different number of neutrons (different mass number).
Alkali Metals
Alkali Metals
Metals in Group 1 of the periodic table. Reactivity increases down the group.
Noble Gases
Noble Gases
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Full Outermost Shell
Full Outermost Shell
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Study Notes
- Atomic number represents the number of protons
- Mass number represents the number of protons + neutrons
- JJ Thompson discovered the electron
- Ernest Rutherford discovered the proton and neutron
- Atoms have no overall charge because the number of protons and electrons are the same
- The higher the mass number, the more mass an atom has
Electronic Structure
- Electrons are arranged in electron shells around the nucleus
- Electrons are held in place by electrostatic forces
- The second shell can fit up to 8 electrons
- The first shell can fit a maximum of 2 electrons
- Beryllium has an electronic arrangement of 2,2
Trends in Periodic Table Groups
- Group 1 is the alkali metals including lithium, sodium, and potassium
- The melting and boiling point decreases down the group
- Group 7 is the halogens including fluorine, chlorine, and bromine
- The melting and boiling point increases down the group
- Group 8 are the noble gasses including helium, neon, and argon
- The melting and boiling point increases down the group
Why elements react to form compounds
- The outermost electron shell is the shell with the highest energy level
- The more atoms in the outermost electrons, the more stable the shell
- Atoms are more stable when the outermost shell is full
- Elements in compounds are held together by chemical bonds
- Atoms that do not have full outer shells will react to form compounds
- Atoms can lose or gain electrons, or share electrons
- Electrons have a charge of -1
- Protons have a charge of +1
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Description
Explore atomic number, mass number, and the contributions of scientists like Thompson and Rutherford. Understand electron arrangements in shells and trends within groups 1, 7, and 8 of the periodic table, especially concerning melting and boiling points.
