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Questions and Answers
What does the mass number of an atom represent?
What does the mass number of an atom represent?
- The total number of protons in the nucleus
- The total number of neutrons in the nucleus
- The sum of protons and neutrons in the nucleus (correct)
- The number of electrons in a neutral atom
Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?
Which of the following statements about isotopes is correct?
- Isotopes of an element have the same atomic number (correct)
- Isotopes have different chemical properties
- Isotopes differ in their atomic number
- Isotopes of an element have the same mass number
How is the atomic mass of an element determined?
How is the atomic mass of an element determined?
- The sum of the atomic numbers of all isotopes
- The sum of the isotopic masses weighted by their abundance (correct)
- The largest isotopic mass of the element
- The average of the isotopic masses of all known isotopes
What is the charge of an ion that results from a metal atom losing two electrons?
What is the charge of an ion that results from a metal atom losing two electrons?
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If the atomic mass of boron is given as 10.81 g/mol, which of the following must be true?
If the atomic mass of boron is given as 10.81 g/mol, which of the following must be true?
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Which notation correctly represents the isotopes of boron?
Which notation correctly represents the isotopes of boron?
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What distinguishes a cation from an anion?
What distinguishes a cation from an anion?
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If an atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons, what is its charge?
If an atom has 6 protons, 6 neutrons, and 5 electrons, what is its charge?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Atomic symbol (X) represents an element.
- Mass number (A) is the total number of protons and neutrons; calculated as A = Z + N.
- Atomic number (Z) is the number of protons and electrons in the nucleus.
- Number of neutrons (N) can be found using the formula N = A - Z.
Isotopes
- Isotopes are variations of an element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
- They maintain the same atomic number but have differing mass numbers.
Atomic Mass
- Atomic mass (or atomic weight) is the weighted average of the masses of an element's naturally occurring isotopes.
- This average is calculated based on the isotopes' natural abundances.
Ions
- An ion is defined as an atom or molecule with an electric charge.
- Ions are denoted with a superscript indicating the size and sign of the charge.
- When a metal atom loses electrons, it forms a cation, which is a positively charged ion.
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