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What is the primary theory of atomic structure that states that atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios?
What is the primary theory of atomic structure that states that atoms of different elements combine in simple whole-number ratios?
What discovery did J.J. Thomson make in 1897 using a cathode ray tube?
What discovery did J.J. Thomson make in 1897 using a cathode ray tube?
What is defined as the emission of a photon when an electron transitions to a lower energy level?
What is defined as the emission of a photon when an electron transitions to a lower energy level?
Which of the following best describes isotopes?
Which of the following best describes isotopes?
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According to the correspondence principle, what happens as the quantum number increases?
According to the correspondence principle, what happens as the quantum number increases?
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Which of the following statements is a component of atomic theory?
Which of the following statements is a component of atomic theory?
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What would happen if there is no voltage difference (ΔV = 0) in the Thomson experiment?
What would happen if there is no voltage difference (ΔV = 0) in the Thomson experiment?
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Who proposed the existence of isotopes and received the Nobel Prize for this work?
Who proposed the existence of isotopes and received the Nobel Prize for this work?
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What happens to electrons as they travel through a tube containing gas?
What happens to electrons as they travel through a tube containing gas?
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Under what condition can no current be measured in a vacuum tube?
Under what condition can no current be measured in a vacuum tube?
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What is observed when the accelerating voltage (VA) reaches multiples of approximately 4.9V in the Franck-Hertz experiment with mercury gas?
What is observed when the accelerating voltage (VA) reaches multiples of approximately 4.9V in the Franck-Hertz experiment with mercury gas?
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What does the drop in current at specific voltages indicate about the energy levels of Hg atoms?
What does the drop in current at specific voltages indicate about the energy levels of Hg atoms?
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What effect do elastic collisions have on the movement of electrons in a gas-filled tube?
What effect do elastic collisions have on the movement of electrons in a gas-filled tube?
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Which of the following statements is true regarding the behavior of electrons at the collector?
Which of the following statements is true regarding the behavior of electrons at the collector?
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What is the role of retarding voltage (Vr) in a gas-filled tube experiment?
What is the role of retarding voltage (Vr) in a gas-filled tube experiment?
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Why is the idea that atoms are indivisible incorrect based on the given content?
Why is the idea that atoms are indivisible incorrect based on the given content?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- An atom is composed of a positively charged nucleus and negatively charged electrons
- Atoms are mostly empty space
Discovery of the Electron
- J.J. Thomson discovered the electron using a cathode ray tube in 1897
- Cathode rays are negatively charged particles
- Thomson deflected the cathode rays using an electric field
- By measuring the deflection, Thomson was able to determine the charge-to-mass ratio of the electron
- The charge-to-mass ratio of the electron is very large, indicating that the electron is a very light particle
- Thomson's discovery showed that atoms are not indivisible
Franck-Hertz Experiment
- The Franck-Hertz experiment provided evidence for the quantization of energy levels in atoms by demonstrating that electrons can only lose energy in discrete amounts
- The experiment involved passing electrons through a gas of mercury atoms and measuring the current as a function of the accelerating voltage
- At specific voltages, the current dropped because electrons were undergoing inelastic collisions with mercury atoms
- The energy lost by the electrons was transferred to the internal energy of the mercury atoms, causing the mercury atoms to become excited
- The experiment demonstrated that electrons could only lose energy in discrete amounts, corresponding to the energy levels of mercury atoms
- The spacing between the energy levels of the mercury atoms was determined to be 4.9 eV, consistent with the theoretical prediction of quantum mechanics
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Description
Explore the fundamental concepts of atomic structure including the composition of atoms, the discovery of the electron by J.J. Thomson, and the Franck-Hertz experiment's insights into energy quantization. This quiz covers essential principles and historical experiments that shaped our understanding of atomic theory.
