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Questions and Answers
What happens during charging by induction?
What happens during charging by induction?
Grounding allows electrons to move to or from the Earth.
Grounding allows electrons to move to or from the Earth.
True
Name two good conductors of electricity.
Name two good conductors of electricity.
Copper and gold
A ______ is used to provide a safe path for lightning to travel to the ground.
A ______ is used to provide a safe path for lightning to travel to the ground.
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Match the following terms with their respective definitions:
Match the following terms with their respective definitions:
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Which of the following is not a good insulator?
Which of the following is not a good insulator?
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Electrons are lost from a neutral object during grounding.
Electrons are lost from a neutral object during grounding.
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What is the effect of bringing a charged object near a neutral object?
What is the effect of bringing a charged object near a neutral object?
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Lightning is a large electric discharge that occurs between ______ or between a cloud and the ground.
Lightning is a large electric discharge that occurs between ______ or between a cloud and the ground.
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Which of the following is an example of a fair conductor?
Which of the following is an example of a fair conductor?
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What particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?
What particles are located in the nucleus of an atom?
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An atom that has more protons than electrons is said to have a net positive charge.
An atom that has more protons than electrons is said to have a net positive charge.
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What is an ion?
What is an ion?
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Static electricity occurs when there is an imbalance of electric charge on the surface of an object due to __________ from one object to another.
Static electricity occurs when there is an imbalance of electric charge on the surface of an object due to __________ from one object to another.
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Match the type of electroscope with its description:
Match the type of electroscope with its description:
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What happens when like charges are brought close to each other?
What happens when like charges are brought close to each other?
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A neutral object will be attracted to both positively and negatively charged objects.
A neutral object will be attracted to both positively and negatively charged objects.
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What does the electrostatic series indicate?
What does the electrostatic series indicate?
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The center of an atom is called the __________.
The center of an atom is called the __________.
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Which electroscope uses gold leaves to detect electric charges?
Which electroscope uses gold leaves to detect electric charges?
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Study Notes
Atomic Structure
- Atoms are the fundamental units of all matter
- Atoms are composed of three subatomic particles: electrons, protons, and neutrons
- Protons are positively charged and reside in the nucleus
- Electrons are negatively charged and orbit the nucleus
- Neutrons have no charge and reside in the nucleus
- Protons and neutrons are clustered in the atomic nucleus
- Electrons orbit the nucleus like planets orbit the sun
- Atoms have an equal number of protons and electrons, resulting in a neutral charge
- Atoms in which the number of protons and electrons is not equal are called ions
Charged Objects
- Objects can be positively or negatively charged
- Like charges repel each other
- Opposite charges attract each other
- Neutral objects are attracted to charged objects due to induced charge separation
Static Electricity
- Static electricity is an imbalance of electric charge on the surface of an object
- An imbalance in charge occurs when electrons are transferred from one object to another (e.g., by friction)
- The object gaining electrons becomes negatively charged; the object losing electrons becomes positively charged
Electrostatic Charging Methods
- Friction: Two different neutral materials rubbed together can transfer electrons, resulting in one object gaining electrons (becoming negative) and the other losing them (becoming positive)
- Charging by Conduction: When neutral objects come into contact with charged objects, electrons can be transferred, causing both objects to acquire the same charge
- Charging by Induction: A charged object can cause a redistribution of charge in a neutral object without direct contact, by attracting or repelling electrons. If the neutral object is grounded at this time, an overall electric charge is left on the object
Electrostatic Discharge
- The rapid transfer of excess charge between objects, often accompanied by a spark
- Electrons move from more negative to less negative objects
- Can sometimes be harmful in electronic equipment and cause shocks
Conductors and Insulators
- Conductors: Materials that allow the movement of electric charges (e.g., metals like copper).
- Insulators: Materials that resist the movement of electric charges (e.g., plastics, wood, glass).
- Conductors and insulators have varied uses (wiring, protecting, etc)
Electroscopes
- Devices used to detect electric charge
- Common types include pith ball and leaf electroscopes
- A charged object generates a repulsion (or attraction) on the leaves, indicating the presence and type of charge.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of atomic structure, including the roles of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Understand the principles behind charged objects and static electricity. This quiz will test your knowledge of these essential topics in physics.
