Atomic Structure and Bonding Quiz

Atomic Structure and Bonding

• Atom: The smallest unit of an element, possessing all the characteristics of that element.
• Mass number/Nucleon number: The total number of protons and neutrons in an atom.
• Nucleus: The central part of an atom, containing protons and neutrons.
• Isotope: Atoms of the same element having the same number of protons and a different number of neutrons.
• Element: Substance made up of only one type of atom.
• Compound: Substance formed from two or more different types of atoms chemically bonded together.
• Mixture: Combination of two or more different components not chemically bonded together.
• Group (Periodic Table): Vertical columns in the Periodic Table; the group number indicates the number of electrons in the outer electron shell.
• Period (Periodic Table): Horizontal rows in the Periodic Table; the period number indicates the number of electron shells occupied by the electrons of the atom.
• Ionic Bonding: Transfer of electrons between atoms, creating positively and negatively charged ions held together by electrostatic forces.
• Covalent Bonding: Sharing of electron pairs between atoms, forming molecules or giant covalent structures.
• Ion: A charged particle formed by the loss or gain of electrons in ionic bonding.
• Molecule: A neutral particle formed when atoms are bonded covalently.
• Rate of Reaction: Measurement of how quickly the concentration of reactants or products changes over time. More frequent particle collisions lead to faster reaction rates.