Atomic Structure and Periodic Table

Atomic Structure

• Atoms are the smallest parts of an element
• Atoms have a nucleus, containing protons and neutrons
• Electrons orbit the nucleus
• Protons have a positive charge
• Neutrons have no charge
• Electrons have a negative charge
• Protons and neutrons have a similar mass
• Electrons are much smaller
• Mass number (A) is the sum of protons and neutrons
• Atomic number (Z) is the number of protons
• Isotopes are atoms of the same element with different numbers of neutrons

Elements and the Periodic Table

• Elements are arranged in the periodic table by atomic number
• Elements in the same group have similar properties
• Elements in the same period have increasing numbers of electron shells
• Metals are usually solid, shiny and good conductors of heat and electricity
• Non-metals are usually gases or brittle solids and poor conductors of heat and electricity
• The periodic table helps predict the properties of unknown elements

Bonding

• Atoms bond together to form compounds
• Ionic bonding involves the transfer of electrons between atoms creating ions
• Covalent bonding involves the sharing of electrons between atoms
• Metallic bonding involves delocalised electrons within a solid structure of metal atoms.

Chemical Reactions

• Chemical reactions involve the breaking and forming of bonds
• Chemical equations show the reactants and products of a reaction
• The state symbols (s, l, g, aq) indicate the state of the substances in a reaction (solid, liquid, gas, aqueous solution)
• Reactions can be represented by word equations or symbol equations
• Word equations use names of reactants and products
• Symbol equations use symbols of reactants and products and state symbols

This quiz covers essential concepts related to atomic structure, elements, and the periodic table. You'll explore the characteristics of atoms, their arrangement in the periodic table, and the nature of chemical bonding. Test your understanding of fundamental chemistry topics.