Atomic Models Quiz

Atomic Models

Dalton's Atomic Model (1803)

• Proposed by John Dalton
• Key features:
  • Atoms are indivisible and cannot be created or destroyed
  • Atoms of the same element are identical
  • Atoms of different elements have different masses
  • Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in whole number ratios
• Limitations:
  • Did not explain the structure of atoms
  • Did not account for the existence of subatomic particles

Thomson's Plum Pudding Model (1897)

• Proposed by J.J. Thomson
• Key features:
  • Atoms are composed of a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded within
  • Electrons are like plums within a pudding of positive charge
• Limitations:
  • Did not explain the nucleus or the arrangement of electrons
  • Did not account for the existence of neutrons

Rutherford's Nuclear Model (1911)

• Proposed by Ernest Rutherford
• Key features:
  • Atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center
  • Negatively charged electrons orbit the nucleus at a distance
  • Most of the atom's mass is concentrated in the nucleus
• Limitations:
  • Did not explain the arrangement of electrons or the structure of the nucleus

Bohr's Quantum Mechanical Model (1913)

• Proposed by Niels Bohr
• Key features:
  • Electrons occupy specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus
  • Electrons jump from one energy level to another by emitting or absorbing energy
  • Each energy level can hold a specific number of electrons
• Limitations:
  • Did not explain the behavior of electrons in multi-electron atoms
  • Did not account for the existence of electron spin

Modern Atomic Model

• Combines the principles of quantum mechanics and relativity
• Key features:
  • Atoms have a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons
  • Electrons occupy probability distributions or orbitals around the nucleus
  • Electrons have spin and exhibit wave-like behavior
  • Atoms can exist in different energy states and can be excited or ionized

Atomic Models

Dalton's Atomic Model

• John Dalton proposed the model in 1803
• Atoms are indivisible, cannot be created or destroyed, and are indestructible
• Atoms of the same element are identical in terms of their properties
• Atoms of different elements have different masses and properties
• Compounds are formed when atoms of different elements combine in whole number ratios

Thomson's Plum Pudding Model

• J.J. Thomson proposed the model in 1897
• Atoms consist of a positively charged sphere with negatively charged electrons embedded within
• Electrons are like plums within a pudding of positive charge, with the positive charge spread evenly throughout

Rutherford's Nuclear Model

• Ernest Rutherford proposed the model in 1911
• Atoms have a small, dense, positively charged nucleus at the center
• Negatively charged electrons orbit the nucleus at a distance, with most of the atom's mass concentrated in the nucleus
• Electrons occupy specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus

Bohr's Quantum Mechanical Model

• Niels Bohr proposed the model in 1913
• Electrons occupy specific energy levels or shells around the nucleus
• Electrons jump from one energy level to another by emitting or absorbing energy
• Each energy level can hold a specific number of electrons, with a maximum capacity

Modern Atomic Model

• Combines principles of quantum mechanics and relativity
• Atoms have a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons
• Electrons occupy probability distributions or orbitals around the nucleus
• Electrons have spin and exhibit wave-like behavior
• Atoms can exist in different energy states and can be excited or ionized