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Questions and Answers
According to Dalton's atomic model, what happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?
According to Dalton's atomic model, what happens to atoms during a chemical reaction?
Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that atoms are mostly filled with positive charge.
Rutherford's gold foil experiment showed that atoms are mostly filled with positive charge.
False (B)
What did Bohr propose about the movement of electrons around the nucleus?
What did Bohr propose about the movement of electrons around the nucleus?
Electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells.
When an electron absorbs energy, it jumps to a ______ energy level.
When an electron absorbs energy, it jumps to a ______ energy level.
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Match the following scientists with their contributions to atomic theory:
Match the following scientists with their contributions to atomic theory:
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Study Notes
Dalton's Atomic Model
- Dalton proposed that all matter is made of indivisible and indestructible atoms.
- Atoms of a given element are identical in mass and properties.
- Atoms of different elements have different masses and properties.
- Atoms combine in simple whole-number ratios to form compounds.
- Chemical reactions involve the rearrangement of atoms, not their creation or destruction.
- Dalton's model was a significant step forward but lacked details on the internal structure of atoms.
Rutherford's Gold Foil Experiment
- Rutherford bombarded a thin gold foil with alpha particles (positively charged particles).
- Most alpha particles passed straight through the foil, suggesting that atoms are mostly empty space.
- Some alpha particles were deflected at large angles, indicating the presence of a dense, positively charged nucleus at the atom's center.
- The experiment showed that the atom's mass and positive charge were concentrated in a tiny, central nucleus.
- The vast majority of the atom's volume is empty space occupied by negatively charged electrons.
Bohr's Atomic Theory
- Bohr proposed that electrons orbit the nucleus in specific energy levels or shells.
- Electrons can only exist in discrete energy levels; they cannot exist between these levels.
- When an electron absorbs energy, it jumps to a higher energy level (electron excitation).
- When an electron returns to a lower energy level, it releases energy in the form of light (photon emission).
- The energy of the emitted light corresponds to the difference in energy between the two levels.
- Bohr's model explained the discrete spectra of elements, but it was a simplified model.
- Bohr's model is not the most accurate model of atomic structure. It was a crucial step leading to more advanced models.
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Description
Explore the foundational concepts of atomic theory through the contributions of John Dalton and Ernest Rutherford. This quiz covers Dalton's atomic model and Rutherford's gold foil experiment, highlighting the nature of atoms and their structures. Test your understanding of how these models shaped modern chemistry.
