Atomic Models and Lithium Atom
29 Questions
1 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What happens to a metal atom when it transfers its electrons to a nonmetal atom?

  • It becomes a neutral atom.
  • It becomes a positive ion (cation). (correct)
  • It remains unchanged.
  • It forms a metallic bond.
  • Which prefix is used to denote three atoms in a molecular compound?

  • Penta-
  • Di-
  • Tri- (correct)
  • Tetra-
  • What characteristic do ionic compounds typically exhibit at room temperature?

  • They form a solid and are brittle. (correct)
  • They are usually gaseous.
  • They are soft and flexible.
  • They are liquid and conductive.
  • How do ionic compounds behave when heated or dissolved in water?

    <p>They can carry electricity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the chemical formula CO, what can be inferred about the carbon atom?

    <p>It has one atom present, but 'mono-' is not used.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical change?

    <p>Dissolving salt in water</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which sign indicates a chemical change?

    <p>New color appears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the maximum number of electrons in the third energy level of an atom?

    <p>8</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is associated with physical changes?

    <p>Reversibility of the change</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Bohr model, what must be noted about filling energy levels?

    <p>You must fill each level completely before moving to the next</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes ionic compounds using the analogy provided?

    <p>Metal atoms donate electrons like shy boys disinterested in keeping them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following changes cannot usually be reversed?

    <p>Burning wood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are valence electrons important for in an atom?

    <p>Predicting chemical reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What did Dalton propose about the structure of atoms?

    <p>Atoms are like tiny, indivisible balls.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant discovery did Thomson make about atoms?

    <p>Atoms contain electrons, which are negatively charged.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Rutherford's model, what is primarily found in an atom?

    <p>Mostly empty space with a small nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Bohr's model of the atom, how do electrons behave?

    <p>They orbit the nucleus in specific paths.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the atomic number of an element?

    <p>The number of protons in the nucleus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What charge does a lithium ion carry after losing an electron?

    <p>2+ charge</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a WHMIS symbol of a gas cylinder represent?

    <p>A gas under pressure.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes matter?

    <p>Anything with mass that takes up space.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an intensive physical property?

    <p>Boiling point</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What defines chemical properties?

    <p>Required an alteration of the substance to be known</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding extensive properties?

    <p>They depend on the amount of substance present.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these properties requires a change in the substance to be measured?

    <p>Reactivity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which property is a characteristic of a solid substance?

    <p>Definite shape</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one way to classify matter based on its composition?

    <p>Element, compound, or mixture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of an extensive physical property?

    <p>Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes malleability?

    <p>Ability to be flattened into sheets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Dalton’s Model

    • Atoms are tiny, solid, indivisible balls
    • Atoms combine in whole number amounts

    Thomson’s Model

    • Atoms contain tiny, negatively charged particles called electrons
    • Atoms are positively charged with electrons stuck inside

    Rutherford’s Model

    • Most of an atom is empty space
    • The center has a small, dense core (nucleus) with a positive charge
    • Electrons move around the nucleus

    Bohr’s Model

    • Electrons orbit the nucleus in certain paths or energy levels

    Lithium Atom

    • Protons: positively charged particles in the nucleus
    • Neutrons: neutral particles in the nucleus
    • Electrons: negatively charged particles orbiting the nucleus

    Atomic Number and Mass

    • The atomic number equals the number of protons in an atom
    • The number of electrons equals the number of protons
    • The total particles in the nucleus equal the atomic mass rounded off
    • The number of neutrons equals the total particles minus the protons

    Ion Charge of a Lithium Ion

    • A lithium ion loses an electron
    • Charge: 3 positive protons – 1 negative electron = 2+ charge

    Reactions and Charges

    • Alkali metals give 1 electron, so their ion charge is 1+
    • Alkaline earth metals give 2 electrons, so their ion charge is 2+
    • Halogens gain 1 electron, so their ion charge is 1-
    • Noble gases don’t react, and their charge is 0

    WHMIS

    • Workplace Hazardous Materials Information System
    • Warns about dangers of materials

    MSDS

    • Material Safety Data Sheet

    Physical Properties of Matter

    • Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space
    • Physical properties describe what matter looks like or how it behaves without changing its chemical structure

    Examples of Physical Properties

    • Appearance
      • Color, texture, luster
    • State
      • Solid, liquid, gas
    • Boiling and freezing points
    • Density
    • Malleability
    • Ductility

    Types of Properties

    • Intensive properties don’t depend on the amount
    • Extensive properties depend on the amount

    Chemical Properties

    • Can only be found by changing a substance into something else

    Physical Changes

    • Change in the shape, size, or form of a substance, but it stays the same substance
    • Examples:
      • Water turning into ice
      • Dissolving salt in water
      • Breaking a rock
      • Tearing a piece of paper

    Chemical Changes

    • A substance reacts and forms a completely new substance
    • Examples:
      • Baking bread
      • Fireworks exploding
      • Burning wood
      • Cooking an egg

    How to Tell the Difference Between Physical and Chemical Changes

    • Physical changes are often reversible
    • Chemical changes are usually irreversible

    Bohr Models

    • Used to predict reactivity in elements

    Valence Electrons

    • Valence electrons are electrons on the last energy level

    Drawing Bohr Models

    • Draw nucleus
    • Write number of neutrons and protons
    • Draw energy levels
    • Draw electrons in energy levels

    Rules for Energy Levels

    • Level 1 can hold a maximum of 2 electrons
    • Level 2 can hold a maximum of 8 electrons
    • Level 3 can hold a maximum of 8 electrons
    • Level 4 can hold a maximum of 32 electrons
    • Fill one level before going onto the next

    Ionic Compounds

    • Metal atoms want to give away electrons
    • Nonmetal atoms want to take electrons
    • Metal and nonmetal atoms trade electrons
    • Metal atom becomes a positive ion
    • Nonmetal atom becomes a negative ion
    • Ions stick together and form a solid at room temperature
    • Brittle and break easily
    • Conductors of electricity when heated or dissolved in water

    Prefixes for Number of Atoms

    • Mono: 1
    • Di: 2
    • Tri: 3
    • Tetra: 4
    • Penta: 5
    • Hexa: 6
    • Hepta: 7
    • Octa: 8
    • Nona: 9
    • Deca: 10

    Example

    • Diphosphorus pentoxide
      • Two phosphorus atoms
      • Five oxygen atoms
      • Chemical formula: P₂O₅

    Writing Formulas for Molecular Compounds

    • Not expected to write formulas for the state of the compound at room temperature

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Description

    Explore the different atomic models proposed by Dalton, Thomson, Rutherford, and Bohr in this quiz. Test your knowledge on the structure of a lithium atom, including protons, neutrons, and electrons, as well as how atomic number and mass are calculated. Perfect for high school chemistry students!

    More Like This

    Atomic Models and Structure Quiz
    14 questions
    Atomic Models Quiz
    5 questions

    Atomic Models Quiz

    WellInformedComplex avatar
    WellInformedComplex
    General Chemistry I, Lecture 1: Atomic Models
    10 questions
    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Browser