ATI MS Acute Respiratory Disorders

Questions and Answers

What is the primary function of the alveoli in the respiratory system?

Transporting air to the lungs

Gas exchange (correct)

Moisturizing the air

Distributing air to bronchioles

Which term best describes the process of oxygen transport to cells and carbon dioxide transport away from cells?

Ventilation

Gas exchange (correct)

Diffusion

Perfusion

What is the normal respiratory rate for an adult?

20-30 breaths/min

12-20 breaths/min (correct)

10-15 breaths/min

15-25 breaths/min

Which structure of the lower respiratory tract is primarily responsible for air transport to the lungs?

Trachea Signup and view all the answers

What type of lung sound is characterized by high-pitched whistling?

Wheeze Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to arterial blood flow through tissues and the blood pumped by the heart?

Perfusion Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom would most likely indicate a severe asthma attack?

Coughing in the middle of the night Signup and view all the answers

What type of lung sound is described as low-pitched rattling or snoring sounds?

Rhonchi Signup and view all the answers

During a physical assessment, which finding may indicate hypoxemia in a patient with acute asthma?

Cyanosis of the nail beds Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is responsible for distributing air to the alveoli?

Bronchioles Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a common sign of an acute asthma attack?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

Which physical assessment finding would suggest the use of accessory muscles in an asthma patient?

Sternal retractions Signup and view all the answers

Which assessment finding is characteristic of chronic asthma rather than acute?

Clubbing of the fingers Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is typically NOT recommended for managing an acute asthma attack?

Engaging in physical exertion Signup and view all the answers

What symptom would suggest a severe asthma attack that is not responding to treatment?

Difficulty talking Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an indicator of severe asthma related to behavioral changes?

Feeling confused or agitated Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treating latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI)?

To prevent it from becoming active TB Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following medications is NOT part of the RIPE treatment regimen?

Erythromycin Signup and view all the answers

Why is adherence to the TB treatment regimen critical?

To prevent the treatment from failing Signup and view all the answers

What is a common recommendation for patients undergoing TB treatment regarding alcohol consumption?

They should avoid alcohol entirely while on treatment Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT typically associated with rhinosinusitis?

Fever of 101°F or higher Signup and view all the answers

What is the optimal time frame for taking antiviral drugs after influenza symptoms begin to be most effective?

24-48 hours Signup and view all the answers

Which action should the nurse take to prevent the spread of influenza when a client tests positive?

Have the resident eat meals in their room Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended vaccine formulation for adults over 65 years?

High-dose flu vaccine Signup and view all the answers

For which client is receiving a quadrivalent vaccine most appropriate?

19-year-old living in a college dormitory Signup and view all the answers

What additional measure should be taken when caring for persons with suspected COVID-19?

Identify and isolate the patient promptly Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements regarding influenza management is true?

Rest and increased fluid intake are key components of care. Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the treatment of influenza in an assisted living facility?

Antibiotics are routinely needed for all influenza cases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following recommendations is not advised for managing influenza?

Administer antiviral medication after symptoms develop Signup and view all the answers

What symptom might be absent in an older adult with pneumonia due to reduced immune response?

Fever Signup and view all the answers

Which clinical symptom suggests hypoxemia is present in older adults with pneumonia?

Confusion Signup and view all the answers

What is the expected chest X-ray (CXR) finding for a client suspected to have pneumonia?

Patchy areas of increased density Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between hypoxemia and cough in older adults with pneumonia?

Cough is often absent despite hypoxemia. Signup and view all the answers

How does the immune response of older adults affect pneumonia symptoms?

Symptoms may be less pronounced initially. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic finding on a chest X-ray is associated with acute respiratory distress and not pneumonia?

Ground-glass appearance Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is least likely to be observed in an adult with pneumonia?

Clear lung sounds Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential complication of tuberculosis that is a leading cause of death worldwide?

Severe lung infection Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Respiratory System Overview

Lower Respiratory Tract Structures:
- Trachea: For air transport to lungs.
- Bronchi: Transport and moisturize air.
- Bronchioles: Distribute air to alveoli.
- Alveoli: Sites for gas exchange.

Anatomy and Physiology Concepts

Priority Concept:
- Gas Exchange: Involves oxygen transport to cells and carbon dioxide removal via ventilation and diffusion.
Interrelated Concepts:
- Perfusion: Blood flow through tissues and cardiac output.
- Inflammation: May affect airways and lung function.
- Cellular Regulation: Involves maintaining proper cellular function in respiratory tissues.

Respiratory Rate and Assessment

Normal Respiratory Rate: 12-20 breaths per minute.
Auscultation Findings:
- Wheeze: High-pitched whistling.
- Crackles (rales): Bubbling or popping noises.
- Rhonchi: Low-pitched rattling sounds.
- Stridor: High-pitched sound indicating obstruction.
- Pleural Friction Rub: Creaking sound indicating inflammation of pleura.

Asthma

Severe Asthma Signs:
- Nocturnal coughing.
- Chest tightness and shortness of breath.
- Wheezing and difficulty talking.
- Blue lips or fingernails (cyanosis).
- Confusion or agitation.
- Symptoms unresponsive to medication.

Asthma Physical Assessment

Common Findings:
- Audible wheeze and tachypnea.
- Non-productive cough and hypoxia.
- Accessory muscle use and altered level of consciousness.
- Tachycardia and tightness in the chest.

Asthma Assessment Appraisal

Typical symptoms include wheezing and breathlessness.
Cyanosis may indicate hypoxemia; accessory muscle recruitment is observed during use.

Pneumonia in Older Adults

Symptoms can include weakness, fatigue, lethargy, confusion, and poor appetite.
Fever and elevated white blood cell count often absent initially.
Hypoxemia may be present; cough is typically not seen in older adults.

Chest X-Ray Findings in Pneumonia

Expect patchy areas of increased density indicative of pneumonia.
"Ground-glass" appearance suggests acute respiratory distress.

Tuberculosis (TB)

Highly communicable bacterial infection predominantly affecting the lungs.
Not immediately contagious; treatment is essential to prevent progression to active TB.

Tuberculosis Treatment Guidelines

Standard drug regimen involves RIPE: Rifampin, Isoniazid, Pyrazinamide, Ethambutol.
Duration typically lasts 4 to 9 months, depending on severity.
Adherence to medication is crucial, with warnings against alcohol consumption due to liver damage risks.

Rhinosinusitis Symptoms

Common symptoms include sinus pressure, headache, and purulent nasal drainage.
Symptoms persisting beyond 10 days may indicate bacterial infection.

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Description

This quiz covers key concepts from ATI MS's chapters on acute respiratory disorders, including asthma, COPD, and tuberculosis. Additionally, it addresses diagnostic and therapeutic procedures related to respiratory health. Test your knowledge on the structures and functions of the lower respiratory tract.