25 Questions
What may vary in different plaques?
The proportion of components
What type of cells are found in some plaques?
Smooth muscle cells
What is another term for plaques composed mostly of smooth muscle cells and fibrous tissue?
Fibrous plaques
What is a characteristic of fibrous plaques?
They are mostly composed of smooth muscle cells and fibrous tissue
What is true about the composition of different plaques?
The proportion of components varies in different plaques
What is accelerated in animal models with deficiencies in apolipoproteins or LDL receptors?
Atherosclerosis
What is the result of deficiencies in apolipoproteins or LDL receptors in animal models?
Accelerated atherosclerosis
What is associated with accelerated atherosclerosis in animal models?
Deficiencies in apolipoproteins or LDL receptors
What occurs in animal models with deficiencies in apolipoproteins or LDL receptors?
Accelerated atherosclerosis
What is the effect of deficiencies in apolipoproteins or LDL receptors on atherosclerosis in animal models?
Acceleration
What is characteristic of fatty streaks?
A collection of foamy macrophages in the intima
Where are lesions more common?
Upper extremities
What are fatty streaks composed of?
Foamy macrophages
What is the location of fatty streaks?
In the intima
What is a fatty streak?
A collection of foamy macrophages
What can immediately adjacent vessel segments have?
Markedly attenuated media
What is the term used to describe the appearance of adjacent vessel segments on angiography?
String of beads
What can occur as a result of attenuated media in adjacent vessel segments?
Vascular aneurysms
What is a potential consequence of vascular aneurysms?
Rupture
What imaging modality is used to visualize the 'string of beads' appearance?
Angiography
What percentage decrease in luminal cross-sectional area leads to critical stenosis?
70% to 75%
What is the symptom of critical stenosis that may develop with exertion?
Chest pain
What type of angina is associated with critical stenosis?
Stable angina
What type of plaque is vulnerable to rupture?
Vulnerable atherosclerotic plaque
What is the term for atherosclerotic plaque that is not prone to rupture?
Stable atherosclerotic plaque
Study Notes
Atherosclerosis
- Accelerated atherosclerosis occurs in animal models with deficiencies in apolipoproteins or LDL receptors.
Plaque Composition
- Plaques can be composed of varying proportions of components, including:
- Smooth muscle cells
- Fibrous tissue
- Foamy macrophages (fatty streak)
- Fibrous plaques are composed mostly of smooth muscle cells and fibrous tissue.
Stages of Atherosclerosis
- Fatty streak: a collection of foamy macrophages in the intima
- Critical stenosis: 70-75% decrease in luminal cross-sectional area, leading to chest pain with exertion (stable angina)
Vulnerable and Stable Atherosclerotic Plaque
- Immediately adjacent vessel segments can have markedly attenuated media, leading to:
- A "string of beads" appearance on angio-graphy
- Vascular aneurysms that can rupture
This quiz covers the concept of accelerated atherosclerosis in animal models with deficiencies in apolipoproteins or LDL receptors.
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