Atelectasis Overview and Management

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is a common cause of obstructive atelectasis?

Prolonged lying down

Reabsorption of gas (correct)

Increased abdominal pressure

Airway problems

Which of the following is NOT a clinical manifestation of acute atelectasis?

Increased shortness of breath

Chest pain

Coughing and sputum production

Chronic lung infections (correct)

What diagnostic finding would most likely indicate atelectasis?

Normal heartbeat and breathing

High blood oxygen levels

Increased lung sounds

Oxygen saturation below 90% (correct)

Which management strategy is specifically aimed at improving lung ventilation?

Coughing and deep breathing exercises Signup and view all the answers

What type of pneumonia is known to occur primarily due to the inhalation of substances into the lower airways?

Aspiration pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which microorganism is commonly associated with community-acquired pneumonia?

Streptococcus pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

In immunocompromised hosts, which of the following is NOT a contributing factor for pneumonia?

Physical activity Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is characterized by a lung collapse that can lead to increased breathing effort?

Atelectasis Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following strategies is NOT typically included in the prevention of atelectasis?

Bed rest Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential treatment when other methods fail in managing atelectasis?

Bronchoscopy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a risk factor for pneumonia?

Sudden weather changes Signup and view all the answers

What diagnostic finding is least likely to be used in the assessment of pulmonary tuberculosis?

Blood cultures Signup and view all the answers

In the management of hospital-acquired pneumonia (HAP), which initial treatment approach is preferred?

Broad-spectrum IV antibiotics Signup and view all the answers

The significant induration size on a tuberculin skin test that indicates a positive result in high-risk individuals is:

5mm Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following complications is most closely associated with untreated pneumonia?

Septic shock Signup and view all the answers

What role does sputum analysis play in pneumonia diagnostics?

It assists in identifying the specific organism causing pneumonia. Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing intervention is least likely to be considered for a patient diagnosed with pneumonia?

Encouraging adherence to anti-TB medications Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following types of pneumonia is most likely to be treated with culture-directed therapy after 72 hours?

Hospital-acquired pneumonia Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is least commonly associated with pulmonary tuberculosis?

Rash Signup and view all the answers

The presence of which underlying condition could seriously complicate pneumonia?

Cardiopulmonary issues Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Atelectasis

Lung collapse, partial or complete.
Mechanisms: Non-obstructive (no blockage) or obstructive (blockage). Obstruction causes include foreign objects, tumors, impaired breathing, secretions, pain, airway issues, prolonged lying down, and increased abdominal pressure.
Symptoms: Increased shortness of breath, coughing, sputum production. Acute atelectasis: rapid heart rate, rapid breathing, chest discomfort, bluish skin. Chronic atelectasis: potential for lung infection.
Diagnostics: Increased breathing effort, low blood oxygen, abnormal lung sounds (crackles), low oxygen saturation (<90%). X-rays common.
Prevention: Frequent position changes, early mobilization, lung expansion strategies, and secretion management.
Treatment: Improving ventilation, removing secretions. Methods include incentive spirometry, deep breathing, oral hygiene, patient education, and frequent position changes. If these fail, more intensive measures like PEEP, CPAP, bronchoscopy, intubation, or chest drainage might be needed.

Pneumonia

Lung inflammation by microorganisms (bacteria, mycobacteria, fungi, viruses).
Types: Community-acquired (CAP), healthcare-associated (HCAP), hospital-acquired (HAP), ventilator-associated (VAP), pneumonia in immunocompromised hosts, aspiration pneumonia.
Causes (examples): Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, viruses (especially in children). HAP: various bacteria (Enterobacter, Escherichia coli, Klebsiella, Proteus, Serratia marcescens, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Staphylococcus aureus, Streptococcus pneumoniae).
Immunocompromised hosts: Weakened immune systems due to corticosteroids, chemotherapy, malnutrition, antibiotics, AIDS, genetic disorders, and prolonged ventilation.
Aspiration pneumonia: Substances entering lower airways. Often associated with bacterial infection.
Risk Factors: Age, alcohol use, antibiotic use, immunosuppression, comorbidities, daycare exposure, long-term care facility residence, cardiopulmonary concerns, recent antibiotic use, lung conditions, corticosteroid use, and broad-spectrum antibiotics.
Symptoms: Vary, including fever, cough, and difficulty breathing.
Diagnostics: Medical history, physical exam, chest X-rays, blood cultures, sputum analysis.
Treatment: Appropriate antibiotics (IV in severe cases, oral when improving), supportive care (hydration, antipyretics, inhalations, oxygen). HAP initially requires broad-spectrum IV antibiotics, followed by culture-directed therapy.
Complications: Septic shock, respiratory failure, pleural effusion, empyema.
Nursing: Focuses on improving airway clearance, managing fatigue and nutrition, monitoring fluid, and providing educational support

Pulmonary Tuberculosis

Primarily lung infection.
Cause: Mycobacterium tuberculosis.
Transmission: Airborne.
Risk Factors: [Refer to specific chart].
Symptoms: Vary, including cough, chest pain, fever, fatigue.
Diagnostics: Positive skin test (Mantoux), blood tests, sputum cultures, complete history, physical examination (diminished lung sounds and crackles), chest X-ray, drug susceptibility testing.
Tuberculin Skin Test (Mantoux): Injected PPD; induration size indicates significance.
Treatment: Anti-TB medications for 6-12 months. Multi-drug-resistant tuberculosis requires specialised treatment; prophylactic INH (isoniazid) may be given to high-risk individuals for 6-12 months.
Nursing Management: Improve airway clearance, promote adherence to treatment, support activity, maintain nutrition, and prevent transmission.

Studying That Suits You

Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

Description

This quiz covers the essential aspects of atelectasis, including its causes, symptoms, diagnostics, and prevention strategies. Explore the mechanisms behind lung collapse, recognize the symptoms to look out for, and understand the various treatment options available. Perfect for those studying respiratory health and clinical practices.