Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following is a major contributing factor to the development of post-operative atelectasis?
Which of the following is a major contributing factor to the development of post-operative atelectasis?
- Hypoventilation and retained secretions (correct)
- Increased surfactant production
- Increased functional residual capacity
- Decreased alveolar surface tension
In incentive spirometry, what primary action by the patient leads to lung expansion?
In incentive spirometry, what primary action by the patient leads to lung expansion?
- Rapid shallow breathing
- Forcibly exhaling into the device
- Sustained maximal inspiration (correct)
- Breath-holding at residual volume
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)?
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)?
- Atelectasis unresponsive to other therapies
- Increased work of breathing due to asthma
- Presence of a tension pneumothorax (correct)
- Neuromuscular disease causing hypoventilation
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is used to improve oxygenation in patients with respiratory distress. What is the primary mechanism by which CPAP achieves this?
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) is used to improve oxygenation in patients with respiratory distress. What is the primary mechanism by which CPAP achieves this?
Which of the following factors contributes to the beneficial effects of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies, such as flutter valves and CPAP?
Which of the following factors contributes to the beneficial effects of positive airway pressure (PAP) therapies, such as flutter valves and CPAP?
A patient is retaining secretions due to a weak cough. Which of the following therapies would be MOST appropriate to help this patient clear their airway?
A patient is retaining secretions due to a weak cough. Which of the following therapies would be MOST appropriate to help this patient clear their airway?
What is the primary physiological requirement for normal airway clearance?
What is the primary physiological requirement for normal airway clearance?
During which phase of the cough mechanism does glottic closure occur?
During which phase of the cough mechanism does glottic closure occur?
Which of the following abnormalities primarily alters mucociliary transport, leading to impaired airway clearance?
Which of the following abnormalities primarily alters mucociliary transport, leading to impaired airway clearance?
What potential issue can directly result from the retention of secretions in the airways?
What potential issue can directly result from the retention of secretions in the airways?
Which of the following is a general goal of airway clearance therapy (ACT)?
Which of the following is a general goal of airway clearance therapy (ACT)?
What is the initial step in determining the need for airway clearance therapy (ACT)?
What is the initial step in determining the need for airway clearance therapy (ACT)?
Which of the following is a general approach to airway clearance therapy (ACT)?
Which of the following is a general approach to airway clearance therapy (ACT)?
What is the primary purpose of chest physical therapy (CPT)?
What is the primary purpose of chest physical therapy (CPT)?
Which of the following is a contraindication for chest physical therapy (CPT)?
Which of the following is a contraindication for chest physical therapy (CPT)?
Under what circumstances should chest physical therapy (CPT) be terminated?
Under what circumstances should chest physical therapy (CPT) be terminated?
What is the primary technique involved in percussion and vibration?
What is the primary technique involved in percussion and vibration?
What is an alternative name for the forced expiratory technique (FET)?
What is an alternative name for the forced expiratory technique (FET)?
What is the main goal of the forced expiratory technique (FET)?
What is the main goal of the forced expiratory technique (FET)?
In which type of patients is the mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MIE) method most commonly used?
In which type of patients is the mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MIE) method most commonly used?
When should mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MIE) be terminated?
When should mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MIE) be terminated?
Positive airway pressure (PAP) adjuncts provide which of the following benefits?
Positive airway pressure (PAP) adjuncts provide which of the following benefits?
Which of the following is a contraindication for positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy?
Which of the following is a contraindication for positive airway pressure (PAP) therapy?
What is the primary function of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) and oscillating PEP devices?
What is the primary function of positive expiratory pressure (PEP) and oscillating PEP devices?
How do positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices help move secretions?
How do positive expiratory pressure (PEP) devices help move secretions?
What is the primary mechanism by which high-frequency chest wall compression therapy (vest) aids in airway clearance?
What is the primary mechanism by which high-frequency chest wall compression therapy (vest) aids in airway clearance?
What is a critical factor considered when selecting the appropriate airway clearance therapy for a patient?
What is a critical factor considered when selecting the appropriate airway clearance therapy for a patient?
What is the primary way that lung expansion therapies increase transpulmonary pressure?
What is the primary way that lung expansion therapies increase transpulmonary pressure?
Which of the following clinical signs is most indicative of atelectasis?
Which of the following clinical signs is most indicative of atelectasis?
In instructing a patient on how to perform sustained maximal inspiration (SMI) during incentive spirometry, what key element should be emphasized?
In instructing a patient on how to perform sustained maximal inspiration (SMI) during incentive spirometry, what key element should be emphasized?
What is the most important consideration in order to avoid hazards and complications during IPPB therapy?
What is the most important consideration in order to avoid hazards and complications during IPPB therapy?
Which of the following outcomes indicates successful application of lung expansion therapies?
Which of the following outcomes indicates successful application of lung expansion therapies?
During the assessment of a patient for airway clearance therapy, which finding would suggest a need for intervention?
During the assessment of a patient for airway clearance therapy, which finding would suggest a need for intervention?
Which of the following techniques would be MOST appropriate for a patient with cystic fibrosis to improve airway clearance?
Which of the following techniques would be MOST appropriate for a patient with cystic fibrosis to improve airway clearance?
What is the primary reason for using PEP therapy in patients?
What is the primary reason for using PEP therapy in patients?
Which of the following conditions is most likely to impair the irritation phase of the cough reflex?
Which of the following conditions is most likely to impair the irritation phase of the cough reflex?
Patients with which condition are MOST likely to benefit from mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MIE)?
Patients with which condition are MOST likely to benefit from mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MIE)?
What adjustment would be MOST appropriate to increase the effectiveness of IPPB therapy for a patient with severe atelectasis?
What adjustment would be MOST appropriate to increase the effectiveness of IPPB therapy for a patient with severe atelectasis?
Which of the following is a key benefit of using an oscillating PEP device compared to standard PEP therapy?
Which of the following is a key benefit of using an oscillating PEP device compared to standard PEP therapy?
Flashcards
What is atelectasis?
What is atelectasis?
A collapse of lung tissue affecting part or all of a lung.
What pressure is increased by lung expansion therapies?
What pressure is increased by lung expansion therapies?
Lung expansion therapy increases transpulmonary pressure, which is the pressure difference between the alveoli and the pleural space.
What is incentive spirometry (IS)?
What is incentive spirometry (IS)?
Incentive spirometry (IS) is a technique used to encourage voluntary deep breathing, providing visual feedback to patients to promote lung inflation and prevent atelectasis.
What is intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)?
What is intermittent positive pressure breathing (IPPB)?
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What is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?
What is continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?
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What does normal airway clearance require?
What does normal airway clearance require?
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What are the 4 phases of a cough?
What are the 4 phases of a cough?
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What abnormalities alter airway clearance?
What abnormalities alter airway clearance?
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General goals of airway clearance therapies (ACT)
General goals of airway clearance therapies (ACT)
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What is chest physical therapy (CPT)?
What is chest physical therapy (CPT)?
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What is the forced expiratory technique (FET)?
What is the forced expiratory technique (FET)?
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What is mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MIE)?
What is mechanical insufflation-exsufflation (MIE)?
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What are positive airway pressure (PAP) adjuncts?
What are positive airway pressure (PAP) adjuncts?
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What is positive expiratory pressure (PEP) & oscillating PEP?
What is positive expiratory pressure (PEP) & oscillating PEP?
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What is high-frequency external chest wall compression therapy (vest)?
What is high-frequency external chest wall compression therapy (vest)?
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Study Notes
Atelectasis
- Various factors can cause different types of atelectasis
- Several factors are associated with atelectasis
- Post-operative atelectasis is significantly influenced by a major factor
- Clinical signs can indicate the presence of atelectasis
Lung Expansion Therapies
- Lung expansion therapies increase a specific pressure
- There are two methods to increase transpulmonary pressure
Incentive Spirometry (IS)
- Knowing about incentive spirometry is essential
- Indications exist for its use
- Contraindications must be considered
- Potential hazards and complications can arise
- Specific outcomes are expected
- Proper instruction is vital for effective patient use, including the use of Sustained Maximal Inspiration (SMI)
Intermittent Positive Pressure Breathing (IPPB)
- Understanding intermittent positive pressure breathing is important
- Knowing how to administer IPPB
- Understanding IPPB treatment and its mechanisms
- Indications guide its application
- Contraindications restrict its use
- Hazards and complications need consideration
- IPPB outcomes are similar to those of incentive spirometry
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP)
- Familiarity with continuous positive airway pressure is beneficial
- Specific benefits are associated with CPAP
- Indications determine its appropriate use
- Contraindications limit its application
- Hazards and complications must be evaluated
- Outcomes are anticipated with CPAP
PAP, Flutter, & CPAP
- Knowing the factors that involve PAP, flutter, & CPAP leads to beneficial effects
PAP Therapy
- There are indications for PAP therapy
- There are contraindications for PAP therapy
Selecting Appropriate Therapy
- Selection factors when choosing the right therapy for a patient.
- Study protocol: figure 43.9, pg. 943
Normal Airway Clearance
- Normal airway clearance has specific requirements
- Four phases of cough should be understood
- Each phase has its own definition
- Mechanisms can impair each phase
Abnormal Airway Clearance
- Abnormal airway clearance involves specific abnormalities
- Abnormal altercations result in altered airway clearance
- Retention of secretions can lead to particular consequences
- Diseases are linked to abnormal airway clearance
Airway Clearance Therapies (ACT)
- General goals and indications exist for airway clearance therapies
- Follow the Rule of thumb pg 948
- Initial and ongoing assessment is crucial to determine the need for ACT
- There are five general approaches to ACT
- Outcomes of ACT are useful to know
Chest Physical Therapy (CPT)
- Define chest physical therapy (CPT)-postural & percussion
- Includes a description of the therapy
- Includes the proper technique
- There are indications for using CPT
- It serves specific primary purposes
- Expected outcomes
- It has contraindications that limit its use
- Certain limitations exist
- Criteria determine when to terminate the therapy
Percussion and Vibration
- Includes the technique for percussion and vibration
- Includes the contraindications for percussion and vibration
Forced Expiratory Technique (FET)
- Also called "huff" cough
- Includes the technique for FET
- The therapy has a specific goal
- Determining what type of patients are suited for this method
Mechanical Insufflation-Exsufflation (MIE)
- Includes the technique for MIE
- Criteria to determine when to terminate MIE should be known
Positive Airway Pressure (PAP) adjuncts
- Includes various techniques
- There are indications to use PAP adjuncts
- There are contraindications in using PAP adjuncts
- Hazards & complications may be involved
Positive Expiratory Pressure (PEP) & oscillating PEP
- Includes the definition of equipment
- Includes the techniques of using PEP
- How PEP assists in moving secretions
High-Frequency External Chest Wall Compression Therapy (Vest)
- Includes the definition of the therapy
- Includes a description of the equipment uses
- Includes the technique for administering the therapy
Selecting Appropriate Therapy
- Selection factors is key in selecting the right therapy for your patient.
- Study protocol: figure 44.11, pg. 963
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