Visual constraints on reading
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary concern of Lavidor et al.'s study?

  • The impact of binocular coordination on reading (correct)
  • The effect of eye movement on word recognition
  • The role of diplopia in reading abilities
  • The influence of writing systems on reading skills

    • During reading, what is the typical distance between the fixation points of the two eyes?

  • The exact same location
  • Less than 1 character apart
  • More than 2 characters apart
  • About 1-2 characters apart (correct)

    • What is the observation regarding child readers and their disparities?

  • Child readers have smaller disparities than skilled adults
  • Child readers have larger disparities than skilled adults (correct)
  • Child readers have no disparities
  • Child readers have similar disparities to skilled adults

    • What is the characteristic of dyslexic readers compared to typically developing readers?

    <p>Dyslexic readers have larger disparities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the finding regarding older readers and their disparities?

    <p>Older readers have similar disparities to young readers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary constraint on word recognition and reading?

    <p>Acuity and properties of the writing system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is necessary to understand the processes of reading and word recognition?

    <p>Examining effects in different writing systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the controversy surrounding split-foveal processing?

    <p>The debate over how easily we can identify words at different locations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of retinal projections to the cortex, which visual field projects to the right hemisphere?

    <p>Left visual field (LVF)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the Split-Fovea Theory, where do the two halves of a fixated word project?

    <p>One half projects to the right hemisphere and the other half to the left hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why do right-handers tend to recognize words better in the right visual field (RVF)?

    <p>Because the RVF projects to the left hemisphere, which is specialized for language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the claim of the Bilateral Processing Theory?

    <p>That words are projected simultaneously to both cerebral hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prediction of the Split-Fovea Theory according to Lavidor et al. (2001)?

    <p>That larger effects occur when more word information is to the left than right of fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of the Split-Fovea Theory?

    <p>Words project simultaneously to both cerebral hemispheres</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the advantage of fixating left of the word center, according to the Split-Fovea Theory?

    <p>To reduce the number of letters projecting to the right hemisphere</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the theory that claims that the area of overlap at the center of the fovea projects simultaneously to both cerebral hemispheres?

    <p>Bilateral Processing Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the gaze-contingent moving window paradigm, what is the typical presentation of text around the fixation point?

    <p>A chunk of text is shown normally around fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the perceptual span in reading for young adults?

    <p>It is asymmetrical and elongated to the right</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is true about the perceptual span for readers with dyslexia?

    <p>It is smaller and more symmetrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which script is the perceptual span skewed to the left?

    <p>Arabic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the perceptual span for visually dense scripts?

    <p>It is smaller and more symmetrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which script is the perceptual span vertically skewed?

    <p>Japanese</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be revealed by systematically varying the size of the visible area in the gaze-contingent moving window paradigm?

    <p>How much information is acquired on each fixation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of the perceptual span for beginning readers?

    <p>It is smaller and more symmetrical</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical location of the Optimal Viewing Position (OVP) in English and French words?

    <p>At the left of the centre of the word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why might readers fixate on the beginning letters of English and French words?

    <p>Because they are more informative about word identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do the OVP effects differ between European and Semitic languages?

    <p>They are different in European languages and different in Semitic languages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the concept that describes the amount of information acquired on each fixation?

    <p>Perceptual span</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the characteristic of Arabic and Hebrew words in terms of informativeness?

    <p>The most informative letters are spread throughout the word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of fixating at the centre of Arabic words?

    <p>They are recognised most efficiently</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the interaction between in reading and word recognition?

    <p>Acuity limitations and language</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the location of the OVP in Arabic words?

    <p>At the centre of the word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main focus of the lecture in terms of perceptual limits on reading?

    <p>Perceptual Limits on Word Recognition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the focus of psychological research, which is often limited to Western, Educated, Industrialised, Rich, and Democratic societies?

    <p>WEIRD Research</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the area in the retina with the greatest density of cones?

    <p>Fovea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the point on the retina where vision is sharpest?

    <p>Preferred Viewing Location</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of retinal acuity declining with increasing distance from the centre of the fovea?

    <p>Letters need to be larger to be recognised</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor affecting word recognition mechanisms in reading?

    <p>Language experience and cultural background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the way the eye processes information from the visual field?

    <p>Binocular Processing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of examining the effects of hemispheric processing asymmetries in reading?

    <p>To explore the effects of individual differences and language-specific characteristics</p> Signup and view all the answers

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