Asthma Overview and Health Promotion
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary goal for Healthy People 2030 regarding asthma?

  • Increase the number of asthma diagnoses
  • Reduce asthma deaths, attacks, and ED visits (correct)
  • Eliminate environmental pollutants completely
  • Enhance public smoking

Which of the following environmental factors can trigger asthma symptoms?

  • Low exposure to allergens
  • Consistent warm temperatures
  • Change in humidity levels (correct)
  • Reduced emotional distress

What should a client with asthma do if they are working in an environment with carcinogens?

  • Use protective equipment and ensure proper ventilation (correct)
  • Take more medications than prescribed
  • Ignore the need for protection if feeling well
  • Avoid all exercise during work hours

Which medication category should asthma patients be cautious with due to potential triggers?

<p>Beta-blockers (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended method to eliminate dust mites from bed linens for an asthma patient?

<p>Using hot water (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes mild persistent asthma symptoms?

<p>Symptoms arise more than twice a week but not daily. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which risk factor is NOT typically associated with increased susceptibility to asthma in older adults?

<p>Increased physical activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What impact does aging have on beta-adrenergic receptors in older adults?

<p>They become less effective at relaxing smooth muscle. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Severe persistent asthma is characterized by what symptom frequency?

<p>Continual symptoms with frequent exacerbations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can contribute to the development of asthma in older adults?

<p>Environmental allergies (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which physical assessment finding is commonly associated with asthma?

<p>Coughing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a common emotional response experienced during an asthma exacerbation?

<p>Anxiety or stress (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What factor should be considered when assessing the history of asthma exacerbations?

<p>Age of first symptom onset (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which finding is indicative of poor oxygen saturation in an asthmatic patient?

<p>Barrel chest or increased chest diameter (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate self-care method for promoting relief during an asthma attack?

<p>Using a rescue inhaler (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What PaO2 level is indicative of hypoxemia?

<p>Less than 80 mm Hg (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What change in FEV1 is often seen in clients with asthma?

<p>A decrease of 15% to 20% below the expected value (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of a 12% increase in pulmonary function test values following bronchodilator administration?

<p>It is diagnostic for asthma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What PaCO2 level indicates early hypocarbia during an asthma attack?

<p>Less than 35 mm Hg (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which diagnostic test is considered the most accurate for diagnosing asthma?

<p>Pulmonary function tests (PFTs) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which positioning technique is recommended to maximize ventilation for a client experiencing dyspnea?

<p>Sitting upright (high-Fowler’s) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be monitored in a client during an acute asthma attack?

<p>Cardiac rate and rhythm (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing intervention to consider for older adult clients with dyspnea?

<p>Design room to facilitate opportunities for rest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When caring for a client with dyspnea, which of the following actions is essential?

<p>Provide reassurance and maintain calmness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of patient-centered care is emphasized for administering medications in a client with asthma?

<p>Administer medications based on a prescribed schedule (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of short-acting beta2 agonists (SABAs) like albuterol in asthma management?

<p>Provide rapid relief of acute symptoms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which adverse effect should be monitored when administering theophylline?

<p>Nausea and diarrhea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key nursing action when a client is using ipratropium?

<p>Observe for dry mouth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a correct client education point regarding the use of salmeterol?

<p>Use it only for long-term control and prevention (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a client be advised to do to alleviate dry mouth caused by ipratropium use?

<p>Suck on hard candies and increase fluid intake (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a potential side effect of using omalizumab that requires immediate medical attention?

<p>Anaphylaxis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should clients do if they experience a reading in the red zone on a peak flow meter?

<p>Seek emergency care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which administration method is recommended when using a combination of bronchodilator and anti-inflammatory medications?

<p>Administer the bronchodilator first (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When should prednisone be taken to minimize gastrointestinal discomfort?

<p>With food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an important nursing consideration regarding the use of corticosteroids in asthma treatment?

<p>Long-term use can lead to decreased immunity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical nursing action to prepare for during a status asthmaticus episode?

<p>Prepare for emergency intubation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which service should be contacted if a client is experiencing weakness that affects their daily activities?

<p>Rehabilitation care for activity assistance. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What complication can arise from persistent hypoxemia related to asthma?

<p>Respiratory failure. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action should be implemented when a client is monitored during an acute asthma attack?

<p>Monitor oxygenation levels. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a life-threatening characteristic of status asthmaticus?

<p>Extreme wheezing and labored breathing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Asthma Definition

Chronic airway disorder causing intermittent airflow blockage in bronchioles.

Asthma Triggers (Environmental)

Things like temperature changes, pollutants, allergens, stress, certain meds, and household chemicals can trigger asthma attacks.

Asthma Medications

Nebulizers and inhalers are common treatments for asthma.

Asthma Prevention

Avoiding triggers, getting vaccinations (like flu and pneumonia), and managing stress can help prevent asthma attacks.

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Asthma Self-management

Learning to use medications properly (like inhalers), recognizing triggers, and practicing infection control are crucial for managing asthma.

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Asthma Severity: Mild Intermittent

Symptoms occur less than twice a week.

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Asthma Severity: Mild Persistent

Symptoms occur more than twice a week, but not daily.

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Asthma Severity: Moderate Persistent

Daily symptoms with exacerbations twice a week.

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Asthma Severity: Severe Persistent

Continuous symptoms with frequent exacerbations limiting physical activity and quality of life.

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Aging and Asthma

Older adults have decreased lung reserves due to age-related changes, making them more susceptible to infections. Beta-receptor sensitivity declines with age, limiting bronchodilator response.

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What is the main symptom of an asthma exacerbation?

Dyspnea, or shortness of breath, is a common symptom of an asthma exacerbation. It occurs because the bronchioles constrict, making it harder to breathe. It can range from mild to severe.

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What are the typical physical assessment findings for someone with asthma?

Physical assessment of an asthma exacerbation usually reveals signs like wheezing, coughing, mucus production, and increased use of accessory muscles (like neck muscles) to breathe.

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What does 'prolonged exhalation' indicate in a person with asthma?

Prolonged exhalation in a person with asthma means they take longer to exhale than inhale. This is because the constricted bronchioles make it difficult for air to escape.

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How is oxygen saturation affected during an asthma attack?

During an asthma exacerbation, the oxygen saturation (SaO2) can be low because the airways are narrowed, leading to less oxygen getting into the lungs.

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What's the significance of obtaining history on past asthma exacerbations?

Gathering information about past asthma exacerbations is essential for understanding triggers, medication effectiveness, and patient's self-management strategies, all crucial for future treatment.

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Hypoxemia

Low blood oxygen levels (PaO2 less than 80 mm Hg), a characteristic feature of asthma attacks.

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Hypercarbia

Elevated carbon dioxide levels in the blood (PaCO2 greater than 45 mm Hg), indicating poor gas exchange, often occurring later in an asthma attack.

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Forced Expiratory Volume in the First Second (FEV1)

The volume of air forcefully exhaled during the first second after a deep breath. It's a key indicator of airflow restriction in asthma.

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What does a decrease in FEV1 indicate?

A decrease in FEV1 (by 15-20% below normal) suggests airway narrowing, a hallmark of asthma.

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Bronchodilator Response

A 12% or greater improvement in lung function after inhaling a bronchodilator medication is diagnostic for asthma.

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High-Fowler's Position

Positioning the client upright at a 90-degree angle, maximizing lung expansion and ventilation.

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Oxygen Therapy for Asthma

Providing supplemental oxygen to patients with asthma, especially during an exacerbation, to increase blood oxygen levels.

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Cardiac Monitoring in Asthma

Regularly checking heart rate and rhythm for changes during an asthma attack, as it can be irregular, fast, or show premature beats.

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Respiratory Monitoring in Asthma

Continuously assessing breathing rate, rhythm, and effort, checking oxygen levels, and listening to lung sounds for any abnormalities.

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Rest for Older Adults with Asthma

Providing frequent rest periods for older adults experiencing dyspnea to manage their breathing and energy levels.

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Short-acting Beta2 Agonists (SABAs)

Medications like albuterol that provide quick relief from asthma symptoms and prevent exercise-induced asthma.

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Anticholinergic Medications

Medications like ipratropium that block the parasympathetic nervous system, promoting bronchodilation and decreasing lung secretions.

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Methylxanthines

Medications like theophylline that require close monitoring due to their narrow therapeutic range.

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Long-acting Beta2 Agonists (LABAs)

Medications like salmeterol that are primarily used to prevent asthma attacks.

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Ipratropium Side Effect

Dry mouth is a common side effect of ipratropium.

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Anti-inflammatory Agents for Asthma

Medications used to prevent asthma attacks by reducing airway inflammation. Examples include corticosteroids (fluticasone, prednisone), leukotriene antagonists (montelukast), mast cell stabilizers (cromolyn), and monoclonal antibodies (omalizumab).

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Common Side Effects of Anti-inflammatory Agents

These medications can cause decreased immunity, hyperglycemia, fluid retention, weight gain, mouth sores, and anaphylaxis (in the case of omalizumab).

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Administering Bronchodilator and Anti-inflammatory

When using both a bronchodilator and an anti-inflammatory inhaler simultaneously, administer the bronchodilator first to improve the absorption of the anti-inflammatory agent.

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Combining Ipratropium and Albuterol

These two medications are often used together for asthma management. Ipratropium is an anticholinergic bronchodilator, and albuterol is a short-acting beta2 agonist.

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Fluticasone and Salmeterol: A Combo

This combination medication contains both a corticosteroid (fluticasone) and a long-acting beta2 agonist (salmeterol). It's used for long-term asthma control.

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Respiratory Failure in Asthma

A serious complication where the lungs can't supply enough oxygen to the body due to severe airway obstruction. This can be caused by persistent hypoxemia in asthma attacks.

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Status Asthmaticus

A life-threatening asthma attack that doesn't respond to usual treatments, leading to extreme wheezing, labored breathing, and even cardiac or respiratory arrest.

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Nursing Actions for Status Asthmaticus

Emergency interventions include preparing for intubation, administering IV fluids, oxygen, bronchodilators, and epinephrine, along with initiating systemic steroid therapy.

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Interprofessional Care in Asthma

Involving different healthcare professionals like respiratory, nutritional, and rehabilitation specialists to provide comprehensive care for asthma patients.

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What are some Nursing Actions for Respiratory Failure?

Monitor oxygen levels and acid-base balance, and be ready to intubate and use mechanical ventilation.

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Study Notes

Asthma Overview

  • Asthma is a chronic respiratory disorder characterized by intermittent and reversible airflow blockage in the bronchioles.
  • Blockage can be caused by inflammation or airway hyperresponsiveness.
  • Approximately 8.4% of the US population has asthma.
  • Asthma can develop at any age.
  • The precise cause of asthma is unknown.
  • Manifestations include mucosal swelling (edema), bronchiole constriction, and excessive mucus production.
  • Reducing asthma deaths, attacks, and emergency department visits are goals for Healthy People 2030.

Health Promotion and Disease Prevention

  • Smoking Cessation: Advise clients who smoke to quit.
  • Protective Equipment: Instruct clients to use masks and ensure good ventilation in work environments with carcinogens or airborne particles.
  • Vaccinations: Encourage influenza and pneumonia vaccinations, especially for older adults and asthma patients.
  • Trigger Avoidance: Teach clients to identify and avoid triggers.
  • Environmental Triggers: Examples include temperature changes (especially warm to cold), humidity, air pollutants, strong odors, seasonal/perennial allergens (e.g., pollen, mold, dust mites, animal dander, sulfite-treated foods), stress, emotional distress, medications (aspirin, NSAIDs, beta-blockers, cholinergics), enzymes (e.g., in laundry detergents), chemicals (household cleaners), sinusitis, and viral respiratory infections.
  • Medication Self-Administration: Teach clients proper use of nebulizers and inhalers.
  • Infection Prevention: Teach clients infection prevention techniques.
  • Exercise: Encourage regular exercise, which improves ventilation, perfusion, cardiovascular health, and skeletal muscle strength. Pre-medication may be necessary for some clients.
  • Dust Mite Control: Instruct use of hot water to remove dust mites from bedding.

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Description

This quiz covers key aspects of asthma, including its characteristics, prevalence, and treatment goals. It also explores health promotion strategies such as smoking cessation, trigger avoidance, and vaccination recommendations for asthma patients. Test your knowledge on managing and preventing asthma effectively.

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