Questions and Answers
Which type of asthma is characterized by an inherited allergic predisposition and is the most common?
Which of the following is NOT considered a common trigger for asthma?
In a severe asthma attack, what is a typical symptom that can be observed?
Which of the following strategies is essential in preventing asthma attacks?
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What is a common cause of asthma attacks triggered by an infectious process?
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In a moderate asthma attack, how can the respiratory symptoms typically be described?
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Which of the following substances is known to induce asthma attacks in some individuals?
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Which type of asthma can resemble a panic attack due to its psychological triggers?
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What is a distinguishing feature of an exercise-induced asthma attack?
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Which symptom is NOT associated with a mild asthma attack?
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What should patients with asthma bring to their appointments for effective asthma management?
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Which of the following is a known trigger for asthma attacks?
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How should patients be positioned during an asthma attack?
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What is the recommended method for self-administering a bronchodilator during an asthma attack?
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Which medication is recommended for use during an asthma attack if the patient's bronchodilator is ineffective?
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How can regular monitoring of vital signs help during an asthma attack?
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What should be done if the symptoms of an asthma attack do not subside after treatment?
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Which of the following strategies is NOT advisable for preventing asthma attacks?
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Study Notes
Asthma Overview
- Affects approximately 25 million people in the U.S. (1 in 13).
- Chronic respiratory disorder characterized by inflammation of the trachea, bronchi, and bronchioles.
- Common symptoms include dyspnea (shortness of breath), wheezing, coughing, and chest tightness.
- Approximately 11 people die daily from asthma-related complications, with 4,415 deaths in 2020.
Types of Asthma
- Extrinsic Asthma: Most common, affecting 50% of asthmatics; triggers include pollen, dust, mold, and tobacco smoke.
- Intrinsic Asthma: Often occurs in adults over 35, triggered by psychological and physiological stress.
- Drug-induced Asthma: Allergic reactions to NSAIDs and preservatives such as metabisulfite; about 10% of asthmatics are affected.
- Exercise-induced Asthma: Triggered by physical activity, especially in cold air.
- Infectious Asthma: Viral infections of respiratory tract commonly trigger symptoms in children.
Causes and Triggers
- Common allergens include dust, pollen, mold, and pet dander; stress can also be a significant trigger.
- Dental office triggers may include reactions to dental materials.
- Other triggers include air pollution, industrial chemicals, and infections.
Signs and Symptoms
- Symptoms can range from mild to severe; attacks vary in frequency and duration.
- Mild Attack: Slightly difficult respiration, slightly elevated respiration rate, able to speak in full sentences, mild wheezing.
- Moderate Attack: Moderately difficult respiration, fast respiration rate, can only speak in phrases, moderate wheezing.
- Severe Attack: Very fast/slow respiration, minimal verbal communication (single words), significant distress, and altered skin color.
Management and Treatment
- Position the patient upright and allow them to self-administer their bronchodilator.
- If unavailable, use a rescue inhaler from the emergency kit, preferably albuterol for fast relief (4-6 hours).
- Administer oxygen at 4-6 L/minute if needed and monitor vital signs.
- Use epinephrine if bronchodilator fails, ideally through an Epi-Pen at a dose of .3 mg of 1:1000.
Prevention Strategies
- Medical history review is crucial; patients should carry their bronchodilator at all times.
- Nitrous oxide is generally safe; local anesthetics with epinephrine may trigger attacks.
Emergency Preparedness
- Review patient history regarding asthma and its triggers prior to any procedures.
- Have an emergency plan that includes immediate use of bronchodilators and other medications as needed.
- Ensure quick access to emergency services if symptoms do not improve after medication.
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Description
This quiz explores key aspects of asthma, including triggers, symptoms, and management strategies. It aims to assess understanding and personal experiences with asthma, focusing on prevention and effective responses during an attack.
