Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which mechanism of action is characteristic of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)?
Which mechanism of action is characteristic of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS)?
- Stimulating α1 receptors, causing vasoconstriction.
- Blocking M3 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle.
- Inhibiting phospholipase A2, decreasing leukotriene and prostaglandin synthesis. (correct)
- Stimulating β2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle.
What receptor subtypes does epinephrine act upon?
What receptor subtypes does epinephrine act upon?
- α1, β1, and β2 receptors. (correct)
- β2 receptors only.
- α1 and β1 receptors only.
- M3 receptors only.
Albuterol provides rapid relief of asthma symptoms through which mechanism?
Albuterol provides rapid relief of asthma symptoms through which mechanism?
- Reducing mucus production in the airways.
- Relaxing bronchial smooth muscle by stimulating β2-adrenergic receptors. (correct)
- Blocking inflammatory cytokine release in the airways.
- Blocking M3 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle.
Which of the following medications primarily provides prolonged bronchodilation?
Which of the following medications primarily provides prolonged bronchodilation?
What distinguishes Tiotropium from Ipratropium?
What distinguishes Tiotropium from Ipratropium?
A patient experiencing anaphylaxis would most likely be administered which of the following?
A patient experiencing anaphylaxis would most likely be administered which of the following?
Which combination provides both anti-inflammatory effects and bronchodilation in a single inhaler?
Which combination provides both anti-inflammatory effects and bronchodilation in a single inhaler?
A patient with asthma is prescribed both Albuterol and Salmeterol inhalers. How should the patient be counselled to use these medications?
A patient with asthma is prescribed both Albuterol and Salmeterol inhalers. How should the patient be counselled to use these medications?
A researcher is studying the effects of a novel drug on airway smooth muscle. They observe that the drug increases intracellular cAMP levels in these cells. Which receptor type is the drug most likely targeting?
A researcher is studying the effects of a novel drug on airway smooth muscle. They observe that the drug increases intracellular cAMP levels in these cells. Which receptor type is the drug most likely targeting?
Which of the following describes the most significant difference between the mechanisms by which Budesonide and Formoterol alleviate asthma symptoms?
Which of the following describes the most significant difference between the mechanisms by which Budesonide and Formoterol alleviate asthma symptoms?
Flashcards
Beclomethasone
Beclomethasone
Inhaled corticosteroid that reduces inflammation by inhibiting phospholipase A2, decreasing leukotriene and prostaglandin synthesis.
Fluticasone
Fluticasone
Inhaled corticosteroid that binds to glucocorticoid receptors to reduce airway inflammation and mucus production.
Budesonide
Budesonide
Inhaled corticosteroid that suppresses inflammatory response in the airways by inhibiting cytokine release and reducing eosinophil activity.
Epinephrine
Epinephrine
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Albuterol (SABA)
Albuterol (SABA)
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Salmeterol (LABA)
Salmeterol (LABA)
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Formoterol (LABA)
Formoterol (LABA)
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Budesonide + Formoterol
Budesonide + Formoterol
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Ipratropium
Ipratropium
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Tiotropium
Tiotropium
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Study Notes
- Beclomethasone is an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) that reduces inflammation by inhibiting phospholipase A2, decreasing leukotriene and prostaglandin synthesis.
- Fluticasone is an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) that binds to glucocorticoid receptors reducing airway inflammation and mucus production.
- Budesonide is an inhaled corticosteroid (ICS) that suppresses inflammatory response in the airways, inhibiting cytokine release and reducing eosinophil activity.
- Epinephrine is a non-selective adrenergic agonist that stimulates α1 (vasoconstriction), β1 (increased heart rate), and β2 (bronchodilation) receptors, and is used in anaphylaxis.
- Albuterol (SABA) is a short-acting β2-adrenergic agonist causing rapid bronchodilation by relaxing bronchial smooth muscle.
- Salmeterol (LABA) is a long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist providing prolonged bronchodilation by stimulating β2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle.
- Formoterol (LABA) is a long-acting β2-adrenergic agonist with fast onset and sustained bronchodilation by relaxing airway smooth muscle.
- Budesonide + Formoterol combines an ICS (Budesonide) for anti-inflammatory action and a LABA (Formoterol) for bronchodilation.
- Ipratropium blocks M3 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle, leading to bronchodilation, and is shorter acting than Tiotropium.
- Tiotropium is a long-acting muscarinic antagonist (LAMA) that selectively blocks M3 receptors to provide prolonged bronchodilation.
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