9003 - Pediatric Respiratory Distress: Reactive Airway Disease, Asthma, Bronchospasm, Croup, or Stridor
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Questions and Answers

What is the maximum dose of Epinephrine that can be administered to a patient per the specified guidelines?

  • 0.1 ml
  • 0.2 ml
  • 0.3 ml (correct)
  • 0.5 ml

    • Which vital sign monitoring is emphasized to be performed when available during basic life support?

  • SpO2 (correct)
  • Peripheral temperature
  • Cardiac rhythm
  • Capillary refill time

    • When administering supplemental oxygen, what is the goal for SpO2 levels according to the established protocol?

  • ≥ 94% (correct)
  • ≥ 96%
  • ≥ 90%
  • ≥ 92%

    • In the immediate care of a patient with altered mental status, what position should be used for transport?

    <p>Position of comfort</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which intervention takes precedence over vascular access in advanced life support?

    <p>Administration of Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in Basic Life Support (BLS) management for a patient with mild to moderate asthma or bronchospasm?

    <p>Supplemental O2 as necessary to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be continuously monitored when providing ALS care to a patient with an asthma attack?

    <p>Cardiac rhythm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For a patient experiencing mild to moderate croup with stridor, what is the key intervention to ensure effective management?

    <p>Supplemental O2 to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If a patient with asthma is unable to speak and exhibits altered mental status, which intervention is appropriate?

    <p>Perform Basic Life Support airway interventions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using pulse oximetry in ALS care, what SpO2 target should be maintained for patients with asthma?

    <p>SpO2 ≥ 94%.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During management of an asthma patient in moderate distress, what is a critical component before repeating albuterol treatment?

    <p>Assess vital signs and lung sounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following interventions with their corresponding protocols:

    <p>Basic Life Support (BLS) = Airway interventions as needed Advanced Life Support (ALS) = Epinephrine administration Supplemental O2 = Maintain SpO2 ≥ 94% Vascular access = Titrate to minimal SBP for patient's age</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their definitions:

    <p>Stridor = Unilateral sound indicating possible bronchial obstruction Epinephrine = Medication administered IM for anaphylaxis SpO2 = Oxygen saturation level in the blood Pulse oximetry = Monitoring device for assessing oxygen saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following patient conditions with their implications for care:

    <p>Decreased pulse = Possible circulatory compromise Elevated blood pressure = Possible stress response Altered mental status = May indicate hypoxia or neurological issues Unilateral stridor = Suggestive of a foreign body in the airway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following specified actions with their required monitoring:

    <p>Initiate vascular access = Do not prioritize over Epinephrine Administer Supplemental O2 = Titrate to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94% Conduct cardiac monitoring = Essential for patient safety during ALS Begin immediate transport = Use position of comfort for the patient</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following drug doses with their administration guidelines:

    <p>Epinephrine 0.01 mg/Kg = IM up to a maximum dose of 0.3 ml O2 flow rate = Use lowest concentration possible Vital signs assessment = Include SpO2 when available Transport positioning = Position of comfort should be utilized</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The patient may experience ______ stridor due to bronchial foreign body.

    <p>unilateral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Basic Life Support (BLS) interventions include the use of supplemental ______ as necessary to maintain SpO2 levels.

    <p>O2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Advanced Life Support (ALS), vascular access should not take precedence over the administration of ______.

    <p>Epinephrine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Vital signs should include assessing the patient's ______, specifically SpO2, when available.

    <p>oxygen saturation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The patient presents with intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, and capillary refill > 2 seconds, indicating possible ______ or bronchospasm.

    <p>asthma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In case of mild to moderate asthma, supplemental O2 should be maintained to achieve an SpO2 level of at least ______%.

    <p>94</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Albuterol is administered in a dose of ______ mg via nebulizer for mild to moderate asthma treatment.

    <p>2.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During severe asthma, the patient may have altered mental status and is unable to ______.

    <p>speak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the case of croup/stridor, patients exhibit symptoms such as barking cough and ______ stridor.

    <p>respiratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    For severe croup, the patient may be unable to ______, indicating a need for urgent intervention.

    <p>speak</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When utilizing pulse oximetry, the goal is to maintain an SpO2 level of at least ______%.

    <p>94</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Basic Life Support (BLS) airway interventions should be provided as needed for patients presenting with ______ respiratory distress.

    <p>moderate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factors indicate that a patient may require Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV) during a mild to moderate asthma episode?

    <p>Patients aged 12 years or older with moderate to severe distress may require NIV.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a severe asthma case where the patient exhibits altered mental status, what is the critical immediate intervention for airway management?

    <p>Airway management as per PD# 8837 - Pediatric Airway Management should be initiated.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When assessing a patient with mild to moderate croup, what specific symptom should be observed that distinguishes it from other conditions?

    <p>A barking cough is a key symptom that suggests mild to moderate croup.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be the priority in the management of a severe asthma patient when considering vascular access?

    <p>Administering Albuterol or Epinephrine takes precedence over establishing vascular access.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Asthma/Bronchospasm - Mild or Moderate

    • Signs of mild to moderate distress include intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, and capillary refill > 2 seconds.

    Basic Life Support (BLS)

    • Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94% using the lowest concentration and flow rate.
    • Assess vital signs and lung sounds at every opportunity.
    • For patients aged 12 and older in moderate to severe distress, consider Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV).
    • Immediate transport is crucial.

    Advanced Life Support (ALS)

    • Administer Albuterol at a dosage of 2.5 mg via nebulizer or mask; reassess and repeat based on clinical findings.
    • Utilize pulse oximetry to ensure oxygen saturation reaches SpO2 ≥ 94%.
    • Continuous cardiac monitoring should be conducted.
    • Consider establishing vascular access if needed.

    Asthma/Bronchospasm - Severe Condition

    • Patients may be unable to speak and exhibit altered mental status, with variations in pulse and blood pressure.

    Basic Life Support (BLS)

    • Provide basic airway management as necessary.
    • Maintain SpO2 ≥ 94% with supplemental oxygen at the lowest concentration possible.
    • Assess vital signs whenever feasible.
    • Immediate transport is essential.

    Advanced Life Support (ALS)

    • Follow Pediatric Airway Management protocols for airway management.
    • Administer Albuterol at 5 mg via nebulizer, mask, or bag-valve-mask (BVM).
    • Intramuscular (IM) Epinephrine dosage: 0.01 mg/kg of 1:1,000 solution, maximum of 0.3 ml.
    • Establish vascular access without delaying the administration of medications.
    • Continuous cardiac monitoring is required.

    Croup/Stridor - Mild to Moderate Condition

    • Characterized by slow onset respiratory distress, barking cough, fever, and respiratory stridor. Unilateral stridor may indicate bronchial foreign body.

    Basic Life Support (BLS)

    • Implement basic airway interventions as needed.
    • Maintain SpO2 ≥ 94% with the lowest flow rate of supplemental oxygen.
    • Continually assess vital signs, including SpO2.
    • Begin immediate transport in a comfortable position.

    Advanced Life Support (ALS)

    • Administer 3 ml of saline via nebulizer and reassess after the treatment.

    Croup/Stridor - Severe Condition

    • Symptoms include inability to speak, changes in pulse and blood pressure, and altered mental status.

    Basic Life Support (BLS)

    • Provide necessary airway management interventions.
    • Maintain SpO2 ≥ 94% with appropriate supplemental oxygen.
    • Ongoing assessment of vital signs is critical.
    • Initiate immediate transport in a comfortable position.

    Advanced Life Support (ALS)

    • Follow Pediatric Airway Management guidelines for airway management.
    • Use pulse oximetry to ensure SpO2 ≥ 94%.
    • Administer IM Epinephrine at 0.01 mg/kg of 1:1,000 solution, max 0.3 ml.
    • Establish vascular access but prioritize medication administration.
    • Conduct continuous cardiac monitoring.

    Asthma/Bronchospasm - Mild or Moderate

    • Signs of distress include intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, and capillary refill time greater than 2 seconds.
    • BLS management:
      • Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94%, using the lowest necessary concentration and flow.
      • Assess vital signs, including SpO2 and lung sounds.
      • Consider Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV) for patients aged 12 and older if moderate to severe distress is present.
      • Begin immediate transport.
    • ALS management:
      • Administer Albuterol: 2.5 mg via nebulizer or mask; reassess post-treatment. Can be repeated as needed.
      • Use pulse oximetry to guide oxygen saturation to SpO2 ≥ 94%.
      • Cardiac monitoring is required.
      • Consider establishing vascular access.

    Asthma/Bronchospasm - Severe Condition

    • Signs of severe asthma include inability to speak, altered mental status, and fluctuating pulse and blood pressure.
    • BLS management:
      • Implement airway interventions as necessary.
      • Supplement oxygen to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94%, using minimal concentration and flow rates.
      • Vital signs assessment, including SpO2, is important.
    • ALS management:
      • Follow Pediatric Airway Management protocol for airway management.
      • Albuterol: 5 mg via nebulizer, mask or BVM.
      • Administer Epinephrine: 0.01 mg/kg (1:1,000 solution) IM, max 0.3 ml.
      • Establish vascular access while ensuring timely administration of Albuterol or Epinephrine.
      • Continuous cardiac monitoring is essential.

    Croup/Stridor - Mild to Moderate Condition

    • Characterized by slow onset respiratory distress, barking cough, fever, and respiratory stridor; unilateral stridor might indicate bronchial foreign body.
    • BLS management:
      • Perform airway interventions as needed.
      • Administer supplemental oxygen to achieve SpO2 ≥ 94% with the lowest flow and concentration possible.
      • Assess vital signs, including SpO2.
      • Begin immediate transport in a position that is comfortable for the patient.
    • ALS management:
      • Administer saline (3ml) via nebulizer; reassess after the first treatment.

    Croup/Stridor - Severe Condition

    • Indicators include inability to speak, altered mental status, and variable pulse and blood pressure; unilateral stridor may suggest bronchial foreign body.
    • BLS management:
      • Conduct necessary airway interventions.
      • Provide supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94%, using minimal concentrations.
      • Important to assess vital signs, including SpO2.
      • Immediate transport in a comfortable position is required.
    • ALS management:
      • Adhere to Pediatric Airway Management protocol.
      • Use pulse oximetry to optimize oxygen saturation to SpO2 ≥ 94%.
      • Administer Epinephrine: 0.01 mg/kg (1:1,000 solution) IM, maximum of 0.3 ml.
      • Establish vascular access, but prioritize Epinephrine administration over establishing access.
      • Maintain cardiac monitoring continuously.

    Asthma/Bronchospasm - Mild or Moderate

    • Signs of distress include intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, and capillary refill time greater than 2 seconds.
    • BLS management:
      • Administer supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94%, using the lowest necessary concentration and flow.
      • Assess vital signs, including SpO2 and lung sounds.
      • Consider Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV) for patients aged 12 and older if moderate to severe distress is present.
      • Begin immediate transport.
    • ALS management:
      • Administer Albuterol: 2.5 mg via nebulizer or mask; reassess post-treatment. Can be repeated as needed.
      • Use pulse oximetry to guide oxygen saturation to SpO2 ≥ 94%.
      • Cardiac monitoring is required.
      • Consider establishing vascular access.

    Asthma/Bronchospasm - Severe Condition

    • Signs of severe asthma include inability to speak, altered mental status, and fluctuating pulse and blood pressure.
    • BLS management:
      • Implement airway interventions as necessary.
      • Supplement oxygen to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94%, using minimal concentration and flow rates.
      • Vital signs assessment, including SpO2, is important.
    • ALS management:
      • Follow Pediatric Airway Management protocol for airway management.
      • Albuterol: 5 mg via nebulizer, mask or BVM.
      • Administer Epinephrine: 0.01 mg/kg (1:1,000 solution) IM, max 0.3 ml.
      • Establish vascular access while ensuring timely administration of Albuterol or Epinephrine.
      • Continuous cardiac monitoring is essential.

    Croup/Stridor - Mild to Moderate Condition

    • Characterized by slow onset respiratory distress, barking cough, fever, and respiratory stridor; unilateral stridor might indicate bronchial foreign body.
    • BLS management:
      • Perform airway interventions as needed.
      • Administer supplemental oxygen to achieve SpO2 ≥ 94% with the lowest flow and concentration possible.
      • Assess vital signs, including SpO2.
      • Begin immediate transport in a position that is comfortable for the patient.
    • ALS management:
      • Administer saline (3ml) via nebulizer; reassess after the first treatment.

    Croup/Stridor - Severe Condition

    • Indicators include inability to speak, altered mental status, and variable pulse and blood pressure; unilateral stridor may suggest bronchial foreign body.
    • BLS management:
      • Conduct necessary airway interventions.
      • Provide supplemental oxygen to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94%, using minimal concentrations.
      • Important to assess vital signs, including SpO2.
      • Immediate transport in a comfortable position is required.
    • ALS management:
      • Adhere to Pediatric Airway Management protocol.
      • Use pulse oximetry to optimize oxygen saturation to SpO2 ≥ 94%.
      • Administer Epinephrine: 0.01 mg/kg (1:1,000 solution) IM, maximum of 0.3 ml.
      • Establish vascular access, but prioritize Epinephrine administration over establishing access.
      • Maintain cardiac monitoring continuously.

    Asthma/Bronchospasm - Mild to Moderate Management

    • Patient signs: intercostal retractions, nasal flaring, capillary refill > 2 seconds.
    • BLS: Administer supplemental O2 to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94%, using the lowest effective concentration.
    • Monitor vital signs including SpO2, and assess lung sounds.
    • Consider Noninvasive Ventilation (NIV) for patients aged 12 and older in moderate to severe distress.
    • Immediate transport is critical.

    ALS Protocol

    • Administer Albuterol: 2.5 mg (3 ml unit dose) via nebulizer or mask; reassess after initial treatment, repeat as necessary.
    • Use pulse oximetry to adjust oxygen levels to achieve SpO2 ≥ 94%.
    • Cardiac monitoring is required during treatment.
    • Vascular access may be considered as part of management.

    Asthma/Bronchospasm - Severe Condition Management

    • Signs: patient cannot speak, altered mental status, variations in pulse and blood pressure.
    • BLS: Implement airway interventions as needed, administer supplemental O2 to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94%.
    • Monitor vital signs as they become available.

    ALS Protocol

    • Follow pediatric airway management guidelines for airway management.
    • Administer Albuterol: 5 mg via nebulizer or BVM.
    • Administer Epinephrine: 0.01 mg/kg (1:1,000 solution) via intramuscular injection, maximum dose of 0.3 ml.
    • Establish vascular access without compromising the administration of Albuterol or Epinephrine.
    • Continuous cardiac monitoring is essential.

    Croup/Stridor - Mild to Moderate Management

    • Symptoms include slow onset of respiratory distress, barking cough, fever, and respiratory stridor; unilateral stridor may suggest a bronchial foreign body.
    • BLS: Perform necessary airway interventions and provide supplemental O2 to maintain SpO2 ≥ 94% at the lowest concentration.
    • Assess and document vital signs, including SpO2.
    • Transport the patient immediately, placing them in a position of comfort.

    ALS Protocol

    • Administer 3 ml of saline via nebulizer; reassess after the first treatment.

    Croup/Stridor - Severe Condition Management

    • Severe signs include inability to speak, altered mental status, and variations in pulse and blood pressure; possible unilateral stridor due to foreign body.
    • BLS: Implement airway intervention and provide O2 to keep SpO2 ≥ 94%, using the lowest possible concentration.
    • Ensure vital signs are monitored as available.
    • Immediate transport in a position of comfort is critical.

    ALS Protocol

    • Follow pediatric airway management guidelines for airway support.
    • Utilize pulse oximetry to manage oxygen saturation to achieve SpO2 ≥ 94%.
    • Administer Epinephrine: 0.01 mg/kg (1:1,000 solution) via IM, maximum dose of 0.3 ml.
    • Establish vascular access, ensuring it does not delay Epinephrine administration.
    • Maintain continuous cardiac monitoring throughout the treatment process.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the management of mild to moderate asthma and bronchospasm in Basic Life Support (BLS) scenarios. It includes assessment techniques, vital signs monitoring, and supplemental oxygen usage. Test your knowledge on the appropriate interventions and considerations for patients in distress.

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