30 Questions
What is the main difference between acute and chronic conditions?
Acute conditions are new complaints, while chronic conditions are usually present long-term.
What does increasing mortality in a patient indicate?
Increased risk of death
How are 'risk for toxicity' and 'toxicity' related?
'Risk for toxicity' refers to the negative effects harming the patient, while 'toxicity' indicates conditions increasing this risk.
What is the main characteristic of Allergic Rhinitis?
Characterized by hypersensitivity, exudation, hypersecretion, inflammatory cell infiltration, and remodeling
In pharmacology, why is it important to be able to apply knowledge about medications?
To make the safest & most effective use of medications in patient care
What does an acute on chronic presentation usually indicate?
A new complaint occurring in a patient with a long-term existing condition
Which medication prevents bronchoconstriction by blocking M3 receptors?
Tiotropium
Which drug class improves FEV1 and symptoms in COPD primarily through bronchial smooth muscle relaxation?
Long-acting muscarinic antagonists (LAMAs)
Which medication is NOT associated with the side effect of tremor in COPD treatment?
Levalbuterol
Which drug class inhibits NF-kB to exert its anti-inflammatory effects in COPD?
Inhaled corticosteroids
Which medication is considered central to symptom management in COPD due to its bronchodilatory effects?
Ipratropium
Which drug class is most beneficial in COPD if eosinophilia is present due to its mode of action?
Inhaled Corticosteroids (ICS)
What is the recommended pharmacological therapy for chronic control of asthma in all patients, except for those with specific triggers?
Inhaled corticosteroids
Which group of patients with asthma may benefit from Anti-Leukotrienes?
Patients with an allergic component
Why are Cromolyn and anti-muscarinic agents rarely used in asthma?
They are ineffective in asthma treatment
What is a key aspect of COPD assumptions regarding airway obstruction?
Airway obstruction related to emphysema and chronic bronchitis
What is the first step recommended for prevention and maintenance therapy in COPD management?
Quitting smoking
For what type of asthma patients are LABAs contraindicated for acute use?
Patients with specific triggers
What is the pharmacologic strategy for the treatment of severe acute asthma (status asthmaticus) or asthma exacerbation?
Albuterol by nebulizer or metered dose inhalation
Which class of drugs should be usually avoided in asthma due to causing bronchoconstriction?
Histamine-releasing drugs
What is the purpose of using methacholine in the context of asthma management?
To diagnose hyper-reactivity of the airways
What effect does aspirin have on prostaglandins in the context of asthma management?
Blocks PGE2 & promotes PGF2a
Which drug may be administered if life-threatening bronchoconstriction is present in severe acute asthma?
Epinephrine by IV or IM
What is a common adverse effect of systemic anti-muscarinic drugs used in asthma?
Airway constriction
Which group(s) of COPD patients generally benefit from LABA?
Both Group B and Group E
What is the compelling indication for the use of inhaled corticosteroids (ICS) in COPD patients?
Eosinophilia
Which antimicrobial therapy is commonly used in hospitalized patients with acute exacerbation of COPD (ABECB)?
Piperacillin + Tazobactam
Which antibiotic decreases microbial cell wall synthesis via peptidoglycan cross-linking, similar to penicillin?
Cefepime
What is a common side effect of centrally-acting antitussives like codeine and dextromethorphan?
Constipation
Why are cough suppressants like codeine and dextromethorphan generally avoided in children under 2 years of age?
They can cause jitters/irritability
Test your knowledge on drugs to avoid or use cautiously with asthma. Learn about the effects of cholinergic drugs, systemic anti-muscarinic drugs, non-selective beta-blockers, and histamine-releasing drugs on individuals with asthma.
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