Prediction Error Learning and Attention

What do dopamine neurons in the Ventral Tegmental Area primarily signal?

Dopamine neurons do not fire in response to rewards that are fully predicted.

What is meant by 'Reward Prediction Error'?

In associative learning, an _________ stimulus can predict a reward.

Match the following concepts with their descriptions:

What happens to DA cells when a predicted reward is omitted?

Lateral Habenula neurons increase firing in response to a reward.

What type of learning does Prediction Error depend on?

The __________ stimulus is the factor that elicits a natural response in a learning scenario.

Which of the following is a result of cognitive decline in Parkinson's Disease (PD) patients?

Match the term with its correct definition:

In Kamin's Blocking, a previously established CS can block the learning of a new CS.

The __________ calculates the change in expected value based on reward and prediction.

Which group is more affected by a violation of the relationship during short delays between CS and US?

The amygdala is primarily responsible for detecting predictable sequences.

What is the formula for reward prediction error?

The ______ is activated significantly during unexpected punishment learning.

Match the attention types with their definitions:

What happens when there is greater salience of a conditioned stimulus (CS)?

PD patients are better at learning with immediate feedback than healthy controls.

What does prediction error signify in associative learning?

In the R-W model of reward prediction, salience adjusts ______.

How does attention play a role in learning?

What is an unconditioned stimulus (US) in classical conditioning?

In classical conditioning, the conditioned response (CR) is identical to the unconditioned response (UR).

Explain Kamin's Blocking effect in the context of associative learning.

In classical conditioning, the ____ is the response that occurs automatically due to the unconditioned stimulus.

Match the terms with their correct definitions:

What does the brain's computational goal deal with in predictive processing?

Attention has no impact on how prediction errors are processed in the brain.

Define associative learning.

In predictive processing, behavior is explained by ____ updates.

Which of the following best describes the Rescorla-Wagner model?

What phenomenon explains why an established association can block the formation of a new association?

Prediction Error indicates that learning occurs only when outcomes match predictions.

What is an Unconditioned Stimulus (US)?

In the Rescorla-Wagner model, the formula for calculating the change in association strength is ∆𝑉 = 𝛼𝛼𝛼𝛼(λ − 𝑉𝑉), where λ is the __________ received.

Match the terms related to associative learning with their definitions:

In Associative Learning, what does a high Prediction Error indicate?

A positive reward prediction error occurs when the received reward is less than predicted.

What is the process called when an established cue is unable to elicit a response because of a prior learning experience?

The learning rate in the Rescorla-Wagner model is represented by the letter __________.

In the context of associative learning, what does 'surprise' refer to?