Assessment of Parasitism in Biocontrol Agents

<p>Seedling dip (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Expiration date (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To determine if a predator or parasitoid will consume the pest (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Life table studies (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure the biocontrol agent only targets the intended pest (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They help assess if lab results are replicable in more realistic settings. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>T.harzianum AP-001 and Bacillus subtilis AP-01 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They include multiple sites to test the agent's effectiveness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Monitoring population densities over time (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Its combination with T.harzianum AP-001 showed superior results. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mechanism of action and plant pathogen sensitivity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antagonism assay (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Testing the antagonistic capability of a microorganism (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Natural or mimicked natural conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Field tests (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trichoderma spp. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Biotic and abiotic factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inhibits growth of Fusarium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Discovery and identification of biocontrol agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cost effectiveness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Test genetic stability (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inexpensive medium (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Barley grains (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>24-29°C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Return on investment analysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Trichoderma (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Readily available substrates (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phyllotreta striolata (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chinese white cabbages (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Aflatoxin mitigation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fungi (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Releasing ladybugs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduction rates of adult populations (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To control disease incidence (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Tests to see if a predator or parasitoid will eat a pest under controlled conditions.

A feeding trial where the predator/parasitoid is only offered the pest.

A feeding trial where the predator/parasitoid is offered the pest and other options.

Studies to determine the growth, reproduction, and survival of a biocontrol agent.

Identifying if a biocontrol agent only targets the pest or attacks other organisms.

Semi-field tests with controlled environmental parameters.

Replicated experiments in real-world conditions to assess the effectiveness of a biocontrol agent.

Tracking the pest and biocontrol agent population levels post-release.

A biocontrol agent's effectiveness depends on its mechanism of action, application methods, the target pathogens' sensitivity and plant susceptibility, and environmental conditions.

A lab test evaluating the ability of one microorganism to suppress another's growth using antimicrobial compounds.

A lab test for measuring antagonistic activity by culturing two microorganisms together.

Initial tests conducted in controlled lab environments to assess biocontrol agent efficacy.

Intermediate tests that conduct assessments of biocontrol agents in a controlled environment (greenhouses) similar to real-world conditions.

Biocontrol agent effectiveness tests carried out in natural settings to assess efficacy under wider conditions and interactions.

Tests evaluating biocontrol agent performance in field conditions, specifically relevant to farm applications of the biocontrol agent.

A type of fungi used in controlling plant pathogens, such as Fusarium sp.

Field tests in Cambodia investigated the effectiveness of Trichoderma in reducing rice blast disease incidence in a susceptible rice variety.

Field experiments assessed the effectiveness of entomopathogenic nematodes in reducing adult populations of the striped flea beetle in cabbage fields.

Farm tests in Nigeria evaluated the effectiveness of biological control methods for reducing aflatoxin levels in crops.

A fungus used to control plant diseases.

Nematodes that kill insects.

Agricultural strategies focused on preventing crop damage.

Using living organisms to control pests and diseases.

The ideal carbon-to-nitrogen ratio for a substrate used to grow biocontrol agents (BCAs) is between 20:1 and 40:1.

The optimal pH range for a substrate supporting the growth of BCAs is 5.5 to 6.5.

Incubation is the period where BCAs are grown in a controlled environment to multiply before they are applied to plants or soil.

Biocontrol agents (BCAs) can be applied in various ways to plants or soil, including seed treatments, seedling dips, foliar sprays, and soil applications.

Seed biopriming involves treating seeds with biocontrol agents (BCAs) to enhance seed germination and plant health.

The process of making large quantities of beneficial organisms to control pests.

The reproductive units of many biocontrol agents, like bacteria or fungi, used for mass production.

A biocontrol agent preparation containing living and active organisms ready for application.

Affordable materials used to grow and multiply biocontrol agents.

Materials used to grow large amounts of biocontrol agents like wheat, straw, or grain bran.

Conditions like temperature and moisture that optimize the growth of biocontrol agents.

The ability of a biocontrol agent to maintain its effectiveness over time.

The length of time a biocontrol agent remains effective when stored.