Assessment of Male Genitalia

A condition where the foreskin of the penis cannot be retracted.

A condition where the foreskin of the penis is too tight to return to its normal position after retraction.

Swelling of the scrotum due to fluid buildup.

Inflammation of the epididymis, a tube that carries sperm.

A condition where one or both testicles fail to descend into the scrotum.

A birth defect where the opening of the urethra is located on the underside of the penis.

A birth defect where the opening of the urethra is located on the top of the penis.

A tear in the lining of the anus.

Cancer in the prostate gland.

Cancer in the testicle.

Painful menstruation period.

Heavier or prolonged menstrual bleeding.

Absence of menstruation.

Warts on the genitals, STI caused by HPV.

Abnormal protrusion of an organ or tissue through a weak spot in a surrounding muscle or membrane.

Human papillomavirus (HPV) infection is the primary cause of cervical cancer.

The HPV vaccine is the most effective way to prevent cervical cancer.

Pap smears are recommended to start at age 21 for cervical cancer screening.

Age over 50, African American or Eastern European descent, inflammatory bowel disease, family history of colorectal cancer, diet high in fat and low in fiber, smoking and alcohol use, and low physical activity are all risk factors.

Yearly fecal occult tests, sigmoidoscopy every 5 years, and colonoscopy every 10 years are recommended for colorectal cancer screening.

Gender-affirming care is a holistic approach to healthcare that respects and supports a person's gender identity.

Transgender individuals often face discrimination, lack of access to healthcare, and higher rates of mental health conditions due to social stigma.

Nurses play a critical role in providing compassionate and culturally sensitive care to transgender individuals, ensuring they feel safe and supported.

Transgender individuals experience higher rates of poverty, suicide attempts, and harassment in various settings due to societal discrimination.

Spotting, irregular menses, fatigue, trouble sleeping, hot flashes, night sweats, mood swings, decreased appetite, and vaginal dryness are all signs of perimenopause.

A rectocele is a bulging of the rectum into the vaginal canal.

A cystocele is a bulging of the bladder into the vaginal canal.

A uterine prolapse is when the uterus descends into the vagina.

Vaginal dryness is a common symptom of menopause, caused by declining estrogen levels.

Binding involves compressing the chest with a binder, while tucking involves concealing the genitals with a tuck.

Nursing care that is free from bias, especially regarding gender identity, and affirms the patient's self-identified gender.

A person whose gender identity is male, but who was assigned female sex at birth. They may prefer male or gender-neutral pronouns.

A person whose gender identity is female, but who was assigned male sex at birth. They may prefer female or gender-neutral pronouns.

A person whose gender identity does not fit within the traditional categories of male or female. They may prefer gender-neutral pronouns.

A person whose gender identity and pronoun preferences fluctuate over time.

A person whose gender identity may align with both male and female identities, or neither. They may identify as somewhere in between or outside these categories.

A person who does not identify with any particular gender.

A baby born between 32 and 37 weeks of gestation.

A baby born between 37 and 41 weeks of gestation.

A baby born after week 42 of gestation.

The first stage of sexual development characterized by the absence of pubic hair and no signs of puberty.

The final stage of sexual development, indicating full pubic hair growth and adult-sized genitals.

A theory explaining how children develop their understanding of right and wrong through different stages.

Erikson's stage for toddlers, where they develop a sense of independence or feel shame and doubt about their abilities.

Erikson's stage for school-aged children, focusing on building skills and confidence or feeling inferior.

Intimate Partner Violence refers to threatening behavior, violence, or abuse between individuals who are or have been in a close relationship.

IPV can manifest in various forms including physical assault, psychological abuse, economic control, and sexual violence.

This theory suggests that childhood trauma can lead individuals to perpetuate the same abusive behaviors in their own relationships.

This theory emphasizes that witnessing or experiencing violence in a family can lead to a normalized acceptance of violence, continuing the cycle.

IPV has severe physical and mental health consequences for victims, including injuries, PTSD, and depression.

The APGAR score is a quick assessment of a newborn's physical condition at 1 and 5 minutes after birth. It helps determine how well the baby is adapting to life outside the womb.

The Denver II screening tool evaluates a child's development in four areas: Gross Motor, Fine Motor, Language, and Personal/Social. It helps identify potential delays.

The Modified Checklist for Autism in Toddlers (M-CHAT) is a screening tool used to identify potential autism spectrum disorder in children between 18 and 24 months.

At 2 months, a baby can coo (make sounds like 'ooh' and 'ah'), hold their head up briefly, and follow moving objects with their eyes.

At 8 months, a baby can sit up without support, crawl, and make sounds like 'mama' or 'dada'.

The Moro reflex, also known as the startle reflex, is a normal newborn reflex. It involves throwing the arms out and arching the back in response to a sudden noise or movement.

The rooting reflex helps a baby find food. When something touches their cheek, they turn their head in that direction and open their mouth.

The stepping reflex is present at birth and disappears around 2 months. It involves taking steps when held upright.

The Babinski reflex is a normal newborn reflex that disappears around 2 years old. It involves the toes fanning out when the bottom of the foot is stroked.

A normal heart rate for an infant is between 120 and 160 beats per minute.

A normal respiratory rate for a 1-year-old is between 20 and 40 breaths per minute.

A newborn can lose between 5% and 10% of their birth weight after birth, which is considered normal and temporary.

Caput succedaneum is a harmless swelling on the baby's head caused by pressure during birth.

Cephalohematoma is a collection of blood between the skull bone and the periosteum in a newborn.

Mongolian spots are blue, dark spots that often appear on the back and buttocks of newborns. They are harmless and usually fade over time.

Information provided by the patient that suggests potential IPV, often inconsistent with physical findings or conflicting with caregiver accounts.

Observable physical signs and symptoms that indicate potential IPV, such as bruises, lacerations, or behavioral changes.

Creating a safe environment, using screening tools, asking open questions, reporting suspected abuse, documenting findings, connecting patients with resources, and advocating for their safety.

A professional legally obligated to report suspected child abuse or neglect, and in some cases, abuse of vulnerable adults.

A specialized nurse trained to conduct comprehensive assessments, collect evidence, provide care, and advocate for victims of sexual assault and other crimes.

Strategies to help victims of IPV create a safe plan to leave their abuser, including gathering essential items, identifying a safe place, and developing warning signals.

An individual who has experienced homelessness for at least a year or has had four episodes of homelessness within a three-year period.

Someone who experiences short, repeated periods of homelessness, often due to temporary setbacks.

Homelessness triggered by a major event like a natural disaster, health crisis, or economic hardship.

Approaching homeless patients with empathy, sensitivity, and understanding their unique needs and circumstances.

Palliative care focuses on providing comfort and symptom management for the patient and their family, not just on curing the illness.

In palliative care, it's important to identify one person in the family who will be the primary contact for receiving information from the healthcare team.

The primary focus of pain management in palliative care is not to eliminate pain but to ensure the patient's comfort.

As a patient approaches death, their blood pressure, pulse, and oxygen saturation will gradually decrease.

Expect cool, mottled skin in the extremities of a dying patient, a sign that circulation is decreasing.

Provide oral care to keep the patient's mouth moist, as dry mouth is common in the dying process.

A pattern of breathing characterized by periods of rapid breaths followed by pauses is called Cheyne-Stokes breathing.

Agonal respirations are irregular, gasping breaths that occur shortly before death.

Death rattle is a rattling sound produced by mucus in the airway of a dying person.

As a dying patient's body systems shut down, they may not be able to tolerate food or fluids, so avoid forcing them.

Muscle weakness and atrophy are expected findings in a dying patient due to the body's declining function.

A dying patient may experience decreased consciousness, delirium, and confusion, sometimes with a brief improvement.

In the early stages of dying, the patient may experience hypotension (low blood pressure) and tachycardia (fast heart rate) as the body tries to compensate.

Late stage signs of dying include agonal respirations, mottled skin, decreased oxygen saturation, and continued decrease in blood pressure and pulse.

Following death, it's important to follow cultural and religious practices, manage belongings, and handle the body with respect.

Homeless individuals are at risk for skin problems due to exposure to harsh weather conditions, crowded living spaces, and lack of access to hygiene resources, leading to conditions like lesions, scabies, lice, bed bugs, and poor wound healing.

Poor dental hygiene can significantly impact a homeless person's ability to eat comfortably and maintain proper nutrition. It can also contribute to chronic health problems and lead to further complications.

Homelessness exposes individuals to crowded shelters, lack of hygiene resources, and poor living conditions, leading to a higher risk of contracting upper respiratory infections (URIs) and even tuberculosis (TB).

Chronic stress from homelessness can lead to increased blood pressure (HTN) and cardiovascular problems due to constant fight-or-flight response. Lack of access to nutritious food and medications also contributes to these risks.

Limited access to nutritious food can lead to nutritional deficiencies. Alcohol and drug use is common among homeless individuals, which further contributes to GI complications like cirrhosis and pancreatitis.

Homeless individuals often lack access to safe and stable housing, which can lead to increased vulnerability to sexual assault and a higher risk of contracting STIs.

A psychosocial assessment focuses on understanding the patient's health patterns, daily routines, social support, access to resources, living conditions, self-concept, cultural influences, and overall well-being to provide tailored care and help them access needed resources.

It's crucial to consider the homeless patient's lifestyle and access to resources when developing a treatment plan. Providing medications that are challenging to obtain or maintain, like blood pressure medication, might not be effective in the long run.

These include annual TB screening, Pap smears and STI testing, vaccinations (influenza, pneumonia, hepatitis), and contraception to address communicable diseases and prevent further health issues.

These stages include denial, anger, bargaining, depression, and acceptance. It's important to note that these stages are not linear; people experience grief in different ways and may cycle through these stages.