Breast and Genitalia Assessment

Breast and Axillae Examination

• Inspecting and palpating the breasts and axillae help identify abnormalities, lumps, and signs of diseases such as breast cancer.
• During breast examination, the patient should be in a seated or supine position to allow for proper visibility and access.
• Normal findings in the male breast examination include non-tender, freely movable tissue without lumps or masses.
• An age factor, such as being female and older than 55, is a non-modifiable risk factor for breast cancer.
• Light to moderate pressure should be applied during breast palpation to adequately assess tissue.
• Noting characteristics of a breast lump includes its size, shape, consistency, mobility, and whether it is tender or fixed.

Testicular Examination

• A common symptom of testicular issues may include swelling or a lump in the testicles.
• Non-modifiable risk factors for testicular cancer include a history of undescended testes (cryptorchidism).
• After retracting the foreskin during a male genital examination, it should be returned to its normal position to prevent paraphimosis.

Genital Examination

• During a female genital examination, gently separate the labia majora to inspect the vaginal area while ensuring patient comfort and privacy.
• Avoid using excessive force during a male genital examination to prevent discomfort or injury.
• A common finding in male genital examinations is the presence of symmetry and normal size of the testes.

Risk Factors for Breast Cancer

• Risk factors for breast cancer can be categorized into modifiable and non-modifiable. Non-modifiable factors include age, family history, and genetic mutations.
• Modifiable risk factors may include lifestyle choices such as diet, exercise, and alcohol consumption, which can be adjusted to lower risk.

Patient Draping and Privacy

• Recommended draping approach allows for privacy and comfort while exposing only necessary areas of the body during a genital examination.

Exams and Lab Sessions

• The Final Exam format is typically structured to assess comprehensive knowledge and may include various question types.
• The date and time of the Final Exam are critical to ensure attendance, with planning required for completion of any prerequisites.
• The Open Lab with faculty provides opportunities for focused practice and clarification of concepts, enhancing student learning.
• Specific requirements and submission formats for independent practice hours need to be adhered to for academic credit.

Miscellaneous

• Symptoms of genital herpes can include painful sores in the genital area and itching or burning sensations.
• Characteristics of a normal anus include a smooth surface without lesions or protrusions.
• Mandatory Open Lab with faculty is essential for hands-on experience and is scheduled for a specific date.
• Final Exam accounts for a percentage of the course grade, emphasizing its importance in overall assessment.