Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is a defining characteristic of psychomotor agitation or retardation?
What is a defining characteristic of psychomotor agitation or retardation?
Which of the following is a common atypical feature associated with mood disorders?
Which of the following is a common atypical feature associated with mood disorders?
In the context of atypical features, which statement accurately describes mood changes?
In the context of atypical features, which statement accurately describes mood changes?
Which symptom is required to meet the criteria for atypical features?
Which symptom is required to meet the criteria for atypical features?
Signup and view all the answers
Which group is reported to experience atypical features more commonly?
Which group is reported to experience atypical features more commonly?
Signup and view all the answers
What is meant by 'leaden paralysis' in the context of mood disorders?
What is meant by 'leaden paralysis' in the context of mood disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Which symptom is least likely to be associated with atypical depression?
Which symptom is least likely to be associated with atypical depression?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of sleep pattern is associated with atypical features of mood disorders?
What type of sleep pattern is associated with atypical features of mood disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary benefit of using combination therapy over single therapy in treatment protocols?
What is the primary benefit of using combination therapy over single therapy in treatment protocols?
Signup and view all the answers
During which phase of treatment is symptom remission targeted?
During which phase of treatment is symptom remission targeted?
Signup and view all the answers
For patients with mild Major Depressive Episode (MDE), which treatment option is preferred?
For patients with mild Major Depressive Episode (MDE), which treatment option is preferred?
Signup and view all the answers
What defines a moderate MDE with low-moderate safety risk regarding treatment options?
What defines a moderate MDE with low-moderate safety risk regarding treatment options?
Signup and view all the answers
In severe MDE cases with psychosis, which additional treatment is recommended?
In severe MDE cases with psychosis, which additional treatment is recommended?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical duration for the maintenance phase of MDE treatment?
What is the typical duration for the maintenance phase of MDE treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
For patients experiencing mild MDE, which of the following is also considered as an adjunct treatment?
For patients experiencing mild MDE, which of the following is also considered as an adjunct treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What aspect of treatment is emphasized for very severe or life-threatening depressive episodes?
What aspect of treatment is emphasized for very severe or life-threatening depressive episodes?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the recommendations for treating moderate MDE with low-moderate risk?
What is one of the recommendations for treating moderate MDE with low-moderate risk?
Signup and view all the answers
Which options fall under lifestyle interventions indicated for mild MDE severity?
Which options fall under lifestyle interventions indicated for mild MDE severity?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary indication for using off-label IV racemic ketamine?
What is the primary indication for using off-label IV racemic ketamine?
Signup and view all the answers
What requirement is necessary for the use of intranasal esketamine?
What requirement is necessary for the use of intranasal esketamine?
Signup and view all the answers
What potential effect does IV racemic ketamine have after infusion?
What potential effect does IV racemic ketamine have after infusion?
Signup and view all the answers
What monitoring is necessary when using IV racemic ketamine?
What monitoring is necessary when using IV racemic ketamine?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the current evidence level for multiple infusions of IV racemic ketamine in treating TRD?
What is the current evidence level for multiple infusions of IV racemic ketamine in treating TRD?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the notable side effect associated with the use of IV racemic ketamine?
What is the notable side effect associated with the use of IV racemic ketamine?
Signup and view all the answers
Which stimulant has shown the most consistent evidence for treatment, albeit with a small effect size?
Which stimulant has shown the most consistent evidence for treatment, albeit with a small effect size?
Signup and view all the answers
According to CANMAT recommendations, ketamine treatment should follow which type of failure?
According to CANMAT recommendations, ketamine treatment should follow which type of failure?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the level of evidence for the use of a single infusion of IV racemic ketamine in TRD according to CANMAT?
What is the level of evidence for the use of a single infusion of IV racemic ketamine in TRD according to CANMAT?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the challenges mentioned regarding treatment adequacy for certain therapies?
What is one of the challenges mentioned regarding treatment adequacy for certain therapies?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the heritability percentage of major depressive disorder (MDD) according to twin studies?
What is the heritability percentage of major depressive disorder (MDD) according to twin studies?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is NOT considered a non-modifiable risk factor for developing mood disorders?
Which factor is NOT considered a non-modifiable risk factor for developing mood disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of individuals with a major depressive episode (MDE) are likely to experience chronic depression lasting more than 2 years?
What percentage of individuals with a major depressive episode (MDE) are likely to experience chronic depression lasting more than 2 years?
Signup and view all the answers
Which demographic has the highest prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) worldwide?
Which demographic has the highest prevalence of major depressive disorder (MDD) worldwide?
Signup and view all the answers
How many Canadians aged 12 and older have a lifetime episode of MDD?
How many Canadians aged 12 and older have a lifetime episode of MDD?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a common cognitive symptom associated with depression?
Which of the following is a common cognitive symptom associated with depression?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the worldwide estimated number of individuals living with major depressive disorder (MDD) as of 2020?
What is the worldwide estimated number of individuals living with major depressive disorder (MDD) as of 2020?
Signup and view all the answers
Which population is at higher risk due to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)?
Which population is at higher risk due to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs)?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the approximate one-year prevalence rate of major depressive episodes (MDE) among Canadians?
What is the approximate one-year prevalence rate of major depressive episodes (MDE) among Canadians?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the odds ratio for developing major depressive disorder (MDD) if an individual has a first-degree relative with the condition?
What is the odds ratio for developing major depressive disorder (MDD) if an individual has a first-degree relative with the condition?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following groups is most affected by major depressive disorder (MDD) based on gender?
Which of the following groups is most affected by major depressive disorder (MDD) based on gender?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is considered a dynamic risk factor for the development of mood disorders?
Which of the following is considered a dynamic risk factor for the development of mood disorders?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these statements about mortality related to depression is correct?
Which of these statements about mortality related to depression is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of patients typically have recovery from Major Depressive Episode (MDE) within 3 months of onset?
What percentage of patients typically have recovery from Major Depressive Episode (MDE) within 3 months of onset?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor is NOT associated with a lower recovery rate in depression?
Which factor is NOT associated with a lower recovery rate in depression?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the typical duration of untreated depressive episodes?
What is the typical duration of untreated depressive episodes?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is most likely associated with higher rates of recurrence in depression?
Which condition is most likely associated with higher rates of recurrence in depression?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of depression is more likely to occur with psychotic features?
Which type of depression is more likely to occur with psychotic features?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of testing is NOT recommended due to small effect size when assessing poor SSRI response?
What type of testing is NOT recommended due to small effect size when assessing poor SSRI response?
Signup and view all the answers
Which is a common comorbidity found in individuals with depression?
Which is a common comorbidity found in individuals with depression?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic symptom associated with bereavement?
What is the characteristic symptom associated with bereavement?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage range reflects the likelihood of anxiety co-occurring with depression?
What percentage range reflects the likelihood of anxiety co-occurring with depression?
Signup and view all the answers
Which scale is utilized for clinician-rated assessment of depression?
Which scale is utilized for clinician-rated assessment of depression?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of testing assesses genetic variants related to serotonin transporter metabolism?
Which type of testing assesses genetic variants related to serotonin transporter metabolism?
Signup and view all the answers
Which statement about late-onset depression is false?
Which statement about late-onset depression is false?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of these factors is a risk factor for substitutive depressive episodes?
Which of these factors is a risk factor for substitutive depressive episodes?
Signup and view all the answers
What does early improvement in treatment signify in depression care?
What does early improvement in treatment signify in depression care?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a common discontinuation symptom experienced by up to 50% of individuals stopping antidepressants?
What is a common discontinuation symptom experienced by up to 50% of individuals stopping antidepressants?
Signup and view all the answers
Which antidepressant is noted for its long half-life and can be considered when switching therapies?
Which antidepressant is noted for its long half-life and can be considered when switching therapies?
Signup and view all the answers
What dosage adjustment strategy is considered for tapering off antidepressants but lacks sufficient evidence for broad recommendation?
What dosage adjustment strategy is considered for tapering off antidepressants but lacks sufficient evidence for broad recommendation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of antidepressants have a high risk of discontinuation symptoms?
Which type of antidepressants have a high risk of discontinuation symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
In individuals who achieve a poor response to treatment, what percentage is likely to reach remission after a second trial?
In individuals who achieve a poor response to treatment, what percentage is likely to reach remission after a second trial?
Signup and view all the answers
Which factor does not contribute to treatment resistance in depression?
Which factor does not contribute to treatment resistance in depression?
Signup and view all the answers
Which condition is considered a contributing factor to poor response to antidepressant treatment?
Which condition is considered a contributing factor to poor response to antidepressant treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
When is there a low risk of future response in depression treatment?
When is there a low risk of future response in depression treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a prominent characteristic of the individuals who might experience severe and irreversible symptoms after discontinuation of antidepressants?
What is a prominent characteristic of the individuals who might experience severe and irreversible symptoms after discontinuation of antidepressants?
Signup and view all the answers
Which term best describes failure to respond to two or more antidepressant trials?
Which term best describes failure to respond to two or more antidepressant trials?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following antidepressants is associated with a low or minimal risk of discontinuation symptoms?
Which of the following antidepressants is associated with a low or minimal risk of discontinuation symptoms?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one behavioral factor that can contribute to a poor response to antidepressants?
What is one behavioral factor that can contribute to a poor response to antidepressants?
Signup and view all the answers
What is an appropriate action if a patient shows no improvement after two weeks of treatment?
What is an appropriate action if a patient shows no improvement after two weeks of treatment?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following factors increases an individual's risk of experiencing treatment-resistant depression?
Which of the following factors increases an individual's risk of experiencing treatment-resistant depression?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) DSM-5 Criteria
- 5 or more symptoms present for at least 2 weeks, nearly every day
- Includes depressed mood, loss of interest/pleasure, significant changes in weight or appetite, sleep disturbance, fatigue/loss of energy, feelings of worthlessness or guilt, poor concentration, and recurrent suicidal ideation
- Clinically significant distress or impairment needed for diagnosis
- Severity can range from mild to severe, with associated poorer treatment response and higher risk of suicide
Specifiers
- Severity: mild, moderate, moderate-severe, severe
- Psychotic features: presence of psychotic symptoms
- Remission: full or partial remission (2-month symptom-free period)
Episode Specifiers
- With anxious distress
- Associated with poorer response and higher suicide risk
- Characterized by 2 or more of the following: feeling keyed up/tense, unusually restless, worry, fear, loss of control
- With mixed features
- Significant risk of developing bipolar disorder(characterized by presence of three or more of the following) : elevated mood, inflated self esteem/grandiosity; more talkative,flight of ideas, increase in energy or goal-directed activity, increased/excessive activities with painful consequences.
With Melancholic Features
- Lack of pleasure in all activities
- Lack of reactivity to pleasurable stimuli
- Worse mood in the morning
- Early morning waking
- Psychomotor agitation or retardation
- Anorexia or weight loss
- Excessive guilt
With Atypical Features
- Mood reactivity (brightens with positive events)
- Two or more of the following: weight gain, hypersomnia (more than 10 hours sleep/day), sensitivity to interpersonal rejection, feeling leaded/heavy
With Psychotic Features
- Mood-congruent: themes of worthlessness, guilt, disease, death
- Mood-incongruent: unrelated themes of inadequacy, guilt, disease, death
- Catatonia: pronounced alteration in motor activity
With Peripartum Onset
- Onset during pregnancy or within 4 weeks of delivery
With Seasonal Pattern
- Regular relationship between MDD and season (fall or winter)
- Full remission at the characteristic time (spring)
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
