30 Questions
What demographic group in the United States has a higher prevalence of major depression due to income levels?
Individuals with lower income
Which marital status is associated with the highest prevalence of unipolar major depression in the United States?
Divorced, separated, or widowed individuals
In the general population of the United States, which gender has a higher prevalence of depressive syndromes?
Females
What type of symptoms can be associated with depressive syndromes like major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder?
Reduced interest in activities
Preliminary studies suggest that reductions in which brain structure may be associated with the course of illness in depressive syndromes?
Hippocampal volume
Which demographic group in the United States has a comparable prevalence of major depression to younger patients in primary care?
Older adults in general
Which clinical factor at baseline was associated with a shorter time to recovery from chronic major depression in prospective studies?
High level of psychosocial functioning
How does depression impact mortality?
Increases all-cause mortality by 50 to 100 percent
What is a risk associated with treatment-resistant depression?
Increased mortality from accidents and suicides
Which general medical illnesses are outcomes worsened by comorbid depression?
Coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson disease, stroke
What is the impact of continuity of care with the same psychiatrist for major depression?
Decreased all-cause mortality
Why is depression in later life concerning?
It is an independent risk factor for subsequent cognitive decline and possibly dementia
What are some symptoms that males with major depression may exhibit, which are not included in the formal diagnostic criteria?
Anger attacks/aggression, substance use disorders, and risk-taking behavior
Which subtype of depressive disorder includes high levels of anxiety symptoms and is often referred to as 'anxious depression'?
Anxious
What may be considered an 'anxiety equivalent' in individuals with anxiety symptoms that are part of a depressive syndrome?
Psychomotor agitation
Approximately what percentage of major depressive episodes qualify as anxious depression?
40-50%
Which edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual utilizes subtypes like Anxiety, Atypical, and Catatonic for major depression?
DSM-5-TR
'Anxious depression' may have different neurobiology compared to non-anxious depression based on which type of studies?
Genetic, neuroimaging, and electroencephalography studies
What is the recommended approach for patients presenting with depressive symptoms to rule out another medical illness?
Perform a physical examination and laboratory tests
How long should dysphoria occur for a diagnosis of unipolar major depression?
At least two weeks
Which condition is characterized by emotional exhaustion, dissatisfaction with one’s accomplishments, and depersonalization?
Burnout
What distinguishes adjustment disorder with depressed mood from unipolar major depression?
Presence of specific depressive symptoms
What specific requirement must be met along with dysphoria for a diagnosis of unipolar major depression?
At least four other depressive symptoms as well as significant distress or psychosocial impairment
When does an individual qualify for a diagnosis of adjustment disorder with depressed mood?
When the symptoms do not meet criteria for another specific disorder
Which of the following psychiatric disorders is commonly associated with depressive disorders?
Obsessive-compulsive disorder
What type of disorders commonly occur in individuals with depression according to the text?
Immune and inflammatory mechanisms-related disorders
What is the relationship between psychosocial functioning in major depression and symptom severity?
They are inversely proportional
Which of the following is a common risk factor for developing subsequent depression?
History of traumatic brain injury
In individuals with depressive disorders, which type of medical condition worsens the prognosis for both depression and the medical condition according to the text?
Immune and inflammatory mechanisms-related conditions
What is a common characteristic of most episodes of major depression in terms of functioning?
Poor psychosocial and physical functioning
Explore how the clinical presentation of major depression may vary between females and males, with males potentially exhibiting symptoms not included in formal diagnostic criteria. Learn about the subtypes of depressive disorders such as major depression and persistent depressive disorder as per the DSM-5-TR.
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