Gender Differences in Major Depression Symptoms
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Questions and Answers

What demographic group in the United States has a higher prevalence of major depression due to income levels?

  • Individuals with lower income (correct)
  • Individuals with middle income
  • Individuals with higher income
  • Individuals with no income
  • Which marital status is associated with the highest prevalence of unipolar major depression in the United States?

  • Married individuals
  • Single individuals
  • Engaged individuals
  • Divorced, separated, or widowed individuals (correct)
  • In the general population of the United States, which gender has a higher prevalence of depressive syndromes?

  • Males
  • Transgender individuals
  • Females (correct)
  • Non-binary individuals
  • What type of symptoms can be associated with depressive syndromes like major depressive disorder and persistent depressive disorder?

    <p>Reduced interest in activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Preliminary studies suggest that reductions in which brain structure may be associated with the course of illness in depressive syndromes?

    <p>Hippocampal volume</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic group in the United States has a comparable prevalence of major depression to younger patients in primary care?

    <p>Older adults in general</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which clinical factor at baseline was associated with a shorter time to recovery from chronic major depression in prospective studies?

    <p>High level of psychosocial functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does depression impact mortality?

    <p>Increases all-cause mortality by 50 to 100 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a risk associated with treatment-resistant depression?

    <p>Increased mortality from accidents and suicides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which general medical illnesses are outcomes worsened by comorbid depression?

    <p>Coronary heart disease, diabetes mellitus, Parkinson disease, stroke</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of continuity of care with the same psychiatrist for major depression?

    <p>Decreased all-cause mortality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is depression in later life concerning?

    <p>It is an independent risk factor for subsequent cognitive decline and possibly dementia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some symptoms that males with major depression may exhibit, which are not included in the formal diagnostic criteria?

    <p>Anger attacks/aggression, substance use disorders, and risk-taking behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which subtype of depressive disorder includes high levels of anxiety symptoms and is often referred to as 'anxious depression'?

    <p>Anxious</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What may be considered an 'anxiety equivalent' in individuals with anxiety symptoms that are part of a depressive syndrome?

    <p>Psychomotor agitation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Approximately what percentage of major depressive episodes qualify as anxious depression?

    <p>40-50%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual utilizes subtypes like Anxiety, Atypical, and Catatonic for major depression?

    <p>DSM-5-TR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Anxious depression' may have different neurobiology compared to non-anxious depression based on which type of studies?

    <p>Genetic, neuroimaging, and electroencephalography studies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended approach for patients presenting with depressive symptoms to rule out another medical illness?

    <p>Perform a physical examination and laboratory tests</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long should dysphoria occur for a diagnosis of unipolar major depression?

    <p>At least two weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is characterized by emotional exhaustion, dissatisfaction with one’s accomplishments, and depersonalization?

    <p>Burnout</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes adjustment disorder with depressed mood from unipolar major depression?

    <p>Presence of specific depressive symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific requirement must be met along with dysphoria for a diagnosis of unipolar major depression?

    <p>At least four other depressive symptoms as well as significant distress or psychosocial impairment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When does an individual qualify for a diagnosis of adjustment disorder with depressed mood?

    <p>When the symptoms do not meet criteria for another specific disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following psychiatric disorders is commonly associated with depressive disorders?

    <p>Obsessive-compulsive disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of disorders commonly occur in individuals with depression according to the text?

    <p>Immune and inflammatory mechanisms-related disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the relationship between psychosocial functioning in major depression and symptom severity?

    <p>They are inversely proportional</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common risk factor for developing subsequent depression?

    <p>History of traumatic brain injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In individuals with depressive disorders, which type of medical condition worsens the prognosis for both depression and the medical condition according to the text?

    <p>Immune and inflammatory mechanisms-related conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common characteristic of most episodes of major depression in terms of functioning?

    <p>Poor psychosocial and physical functioning</p> Signup and view all the answers

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