Aspects of Communications Overview

A paid form of communication used by organizations to promote products, services, ideas, or causes to a target audience.

A characteristic of advertising where the advertiser has strong control over the message and its content.

Advertising often reaches a broad audience and is not tailored to specific individuals.

A significant drawback of advertising is that it can be expensive to create and distribute.

A potential issue with advertising is that it can be easily missed or ignored by audiences due to the high volume of advertisements.

The marketing mix refers to the controllable factors that a business can use to influence its customers and achieve its marketing goals. It involves four key elements: Product, Price, Place, and Promotion.

Tangibles refer to the "physical" or visible aspects of a business. This includes factors like the appearance of staff, the quality of equipment, and the physical environment of the store.

Reliability in service quality means consistently exceeding customer expectations. It involves delivering what you promise on time and accurately.

Any content created by users, like text, images, videos, or reviews, shared on platforms like social media or blogs.

Responsiveness refers to the willingness and speed with which a business helps its customers. It means providing good service and resolving issues quickly and efficiently.

Communication within an organization, focusing on internal operations, staff, and management.

Integrated Marketing Communications (IMC) is a strategy where all marketing communication tools work together to reach target audiences and achieve marketing goals. It involves a cohesive approach to ensure consistency across all communication channels.

Communication between an organization and external entities like suppliers, competitors, or customers.

The expression of cultural beliefs, values, and practices through tangible forms like art, architecture, or fashion.

Images or symbols used to represent something else, often holding religious or cultural significance.

Actions taken by a company to encourage customers' engagement and interaction, like visiting their website, subscribing, participating in contests, etc.

Special offers, discounts, coupons, contests, giveaways, loyalty programs, and other benefits provided to customers.

The overall value or reputation of a brand in the market.

Making a valuable brand less attractive or significant, often by offering excessive incentives.

Promoting a product or service by offering something of value to entice customers.

News is defined as new information about events that impact our lives.

Information is considered newsworthy when it's important, interesting, or significant enough for journalists to report.

A journalist is someone who gathers, verifies, and presents news to the public. They are truth seekers, sense makers, witnesses, and investigators.

The T.R.U.T.H. acronym summarizes key factors that make a story newsworthy: Timely, Relevant, Unusual, Tension/Trouble, Human Interest.

The hypodermic model suggests that media messages directly influence the audience.

The two-step flow model suggests that opinion leaders influence the rest of society.

This theory suggests that people tend to seek out information that confirms their existing beliefs.

The diffusion of innovations model explains how new ideas or products spread through cultures and societies.

A photographic process invented by William Henry Fox Talbot in the 19th century, which allowed images to be captured on paper.

The Kodak camera, invented by George Eastman, revolutionized photography by introducing the first roll-film hand camera, making photography accessible to the general public.

A camera that utilizes a mirror positioned at a 45-degree angle inside the camera body, allowing the photographer to see the exact image that will be captured through the lens.

Optical components that alter the relationship between the photographer, their subject, and the image captured, influencing how the image is perceived.

A device built into cameras that measures the amount of light reflecting off a subject to calculate the appropriate shutter speed and aperture for a well-exposed image.

The process of communication involving only one person, such as internal thoughts, feelings, and self-reflection.

Communication that occurs between two or more people, involving the exchange of information, ideas, and emotions.

Models that illustrate the process of communication, outlining the key elements involved in the exchange of information.