Asepsis, Hygiene & Disease

• Vaccines produce antibodies to combat infections.
• Parasites are microorganisms that nourish themselves at the expense of a living source.
• Body temperature rises as an alert system to kill microorganisms.

OSHA

• Occupational Safety and Health Administration
• Protects the safety of healthcare workers.

Asepsis Types

• Medical asepsis decreases pathogens in facilities through handwashing and disinfection.
• Surgical asepsis eliminates pathogens and aims for a sterile environment.
• Standard precautions should always be followed.

Hygiene Practices

• Paper towels are preferred over cloth rags due to less bacteria and microorganism growth.
• Used needles should be disposed of in puncture-resistant sharps containers.
• Blood splashed on a counter should be cleaned up ASAP with a disinfectant.
• Transmission based precautions are easily transmitted and have the potential to cause epidemics

Healthcare Worker Diseases

• Hepatitis B is the most common disease contracted by healthcare workers.
• Healthcare workers can get protection from Hepatitis B through a vaccine.
• Drug abuse does not solely refer to the use of illegal drugs.

Injury Treatment

• Massaging frostbitten tissue can cause further damage and should be avoided.
• A sling supports an injured shoulder, collar bone, or arm.
• Any medical emergency has the potential to cause shock.
• Good Samaritan laws protect individuals who perform within their abilities.
• The golden rule is to do no further harm.

Emergency Response

• Call 911 as the first action upon arriving at an accident scene.
• Elevate a bleeding arm or leg above the heart.
• Flush out foreign objects from eyes with water for 2 minutes.
• Contact poison control for someone who has swallowed a poisonous substance.
• Treat heat cramps with room temperature or cool water to avoid shock.

Blood Sugar

• Hyperglycemia: Increased blood sugar can cause hunger, thirst, dizziness, and excessive urination.
• Administer sugar if someone is suffering from low blood sugar.

Fainting and Seizures

• Assist someone who has fainted by placing them on their back, providing a safe place to land, and elevating their legs.
• Smelling salts may also help.
• Loosen tight clothing when someone is having a seizure.

Alimentary Canal

• Tunics are tissue layers that form the walls of the alimentary canal.
• The tunica mucosa is the innermost layer of the alimentary canal.

Vitamins

• Vitamin A supports vision, bone growth, and the maintenance of epithelial cells.
• Vitamin B1 (Thiamine) is essential for muscle and nerve function.

Mouth Anatomy

• Buccal refers to the mucus membrane that lines the mouth.
• Incisors: Eight front teeth, four on top and four on the bottom.
• Enamel is the hardest substance produced by the body as teeth.

Digestive Process

• Deglutition: Swallowing.
• Pylorus: Narrow inferior section of the stomach.
• Duodenum: First section of the small intestine.
• Chime: Digested viscous, semifluid contents of the intestines.
• Cecum: Pouch-like first section of the large intestines.

Respiratory System

• Atelectasis: Collapsed lung.
• Liver: Largest organ in the body.
• Fauces: Opening connecting the oral pharynx to the mouth.
• Pharynx (Throat): Passageway for food and air.
• Pulmonologist: Specializes in diagnosing and treating lung diseases.
• Septum: Separates the right and left nostrils.
• Epiglottis: Prevents food and liquids from entering the trachea.

Larynx

• The larynx contains three unpaired pieces of cartilage: Thyroid, epiglottis, and cricoid cartilage.
• The diaphragm is pushed downward during inspiration and moves back upward during expiration.
• Legionnaires' disease results in acute pneumonia.
• Rhinovirus infections cause the common cold.
• Ventilation is another word for breathing.
• Alveolar cells secrete surfactant, which helps produce surfactant.
• The Adam's apple consists of thyroid cartilage and is bigger in men due to testosterone.
• Trachea: Windpipe.
• Vestibular folds: False vocal cords.
• Larynx: Voice box.
• External nare: Nostrils.
• Inspiration: Breathing.

Body

• Peristalsis: Physical movement of food along the digestive tract.
• Absorption: Passage of digested food from the digestive tract into the cardiovascular and lymphatic systems.
• Lamina propria: Underlying layer of the mucous membrane, which consists of loose connective tissue.
• Gastrointestinal tract (intestinal tract): Long continuous tube running through the ventral cavity of the body.
• Oral thrush: Fungal infection of the tissues of the mouth.
• Air coming from the lungs causes the vocal cords to vibrate, that produces sound.
• Diverticulosis: Presence of pouch-like herniations through the muscular layer of the colon.