Asepsis and Infection Control
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Questions and Answers

What does the term asepsis mean?

Asepsis is the state of being free from disease-causing microorganisms.

What are the two basic types of asepsis?

  • Asepsis and Infection Control
  • Handwashing and Disinfecting
  • Clean Technique and Sterile Technique
  • Medical Asepsis and Surgical Asepsis (correct)

    • Medical asepsis is also known as 'clean technique'.

    True

    Surgical asepsis is referred to as 'sterile technique'.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of medical asepsis?

    <p>To reduce the number of microorganisms and prevent their spread.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a procedure included in medical asepsis?

    <p>Sterilization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of surgical asepsis?

    <p>To eliminate all microorganisms from an area.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sterilization is a method used within medical asepsis to eliminate all microorganisms.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the definition of 'cleaning'?

    <p>Cleaning is the removal of all foreign materials, such as soil and organic matter, from objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disinfection removes all pathogenic organisms, including spores.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the term 'disinfectant'.

    <p>A disinfectant is a chemical substance used to disinfect inanimate objects, like surfaces or instruments, and thus kill most microorganisms. It does not necessarily kill all microorganisms, including spores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an 'antiseptic solution'?

    <p>It is a substance used on a person's skin to inhibit the growth and activity of microorganisms, but it does not necessarily destroy them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'sterilizing'?

    <p>Sterilizing is the process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of something becoming unclean or unsterile is called ______.

    <p>contamination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an infection?

    <p>An infection is an invasion of the body by pathogens, or microorganisms capable of producing disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define 'nosocomial infection'.

    <p>Nosocomial infections are infections acquired during a stay in a health care facility or manifested after discharge.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Carriers are individuals who show symptoms of illness but have pathogens in their bodies.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a major category of microorganisms that cause infection in humans?

    <p>Protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the four major categories of microorganisms that cause infection in humans?

    <p>Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria are the most common cause of infection in humans.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infection is limited to a specific part of the body?

    <p>Local</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A chronic infection typically develops quickly and lasts for a short period.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Acute infections generally appear suddenly and last for a shorter period.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a component of the chain of infection?

    <p>Portal of recovery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of breaking the chain of infection?

    <p>Breaking the chain of infection at any link can help prevent the spread of infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The reservoir in the chain of infection refers to the place where infectious agents live and multiply.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the portal of exit in the chain of infection?

    <p>The portal of exit is the route by which infectious agents leave the reservoir.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the portal of entry in the chain of infection?

    <p>The portal of entry is the way a pathogen enters a new host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Wearing a mask can be a effective way to 'break' the chain of infection at the 'portal of exit' stage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Frequent handwashing can help interrupt the chain of infection at the 'mode of transmission' stage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a susceptible host in the chain of infection?

    <p>A susceptible host is an individual who is vulnerable to infection because their immune system is weakened.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these individuals is NOT considered to be a susceptible host?

    <p>A healthy adult with strong immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Carrier' refers to a person who has an infection but does not show any symptoms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person who is infected may become a reservoir for the future transmission of disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a way to reduce the risk of needlestick injuries?

    <p>Use caution when disposing of needles in the trash</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Coughing or sneezing into your hands is acceptable if you don't have a tissue.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health care facilities should always dispose of soiled linen in a laundry bag, but it is acceptable to overfill them to save space.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why should health care facilities consider making hand hygiene resources available in common areas?

    <p>To encourage frequent handwashing among patients and visitors, promoting infection control practices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health care facilities should place acute febrile respiratory patients at least 1 meter away from others in waiting areas to prevent the spread of infection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    It is acceptable to bend, break, or recap needles to save time and resources in a health care setting.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A bio-waste container is used for the disposal of sharp medical tools.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A blood spill kit is used to clean up spills of blood or body fluids according to hospital protocol.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Health care facilities should always use private rooms for patients with communicable diseases to prevent spreading infections.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an important aspect of reducing the risk of blood-borne infections?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'incubation period' refers to the time between infection and the appearance of signs and symptoms of a disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    'Prodromal stage' in the stages of infection is characterized by the appearance of specific symptoms of the disease.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of infection is the individual most infectious?

    <p>Prodromal stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'decline phase' is when the host's defenses are weakening, and the signs and symptoms of the infection are getting worse.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The 'convalescent stage' is when the infected individual is fully recovered and can't transmit the infection anymore.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The human body has natural defenses against infection through immune response.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is asepsis?

    <p>Asepsis is the freedom from disease-causing microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of asepsis?

    <p>Medical asepsis and Surgical asepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for Medical asepsis?

    <p>Clean technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What technique eliminates all pathogens?

    <p>Sterile technique</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sterilization destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of cleaning?

    <p>Cleaning removes all foreign materials, such as soil and organic matter, from objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is disinfection?

    <p>Disinfection is the process of destroying pathogenic organisms on inanimate objects, with the exception of spores.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a disinfectant?

    <p>A disinfectant is a chemical substance used to disinfect inanimate objects.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an antiseptic solution?

    <p>An antiseptic solution is a substance that inhibits the growth and activity of microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is sterilizing?

    <p>Sterilizing is the process that destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contamination?

    <p>Contamination is the process by which something becomes unclean or unsterile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an infection?

    <p>An infection is an invasion of the body by pathogens or microorganisms capable of producing disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a nosocomial infection?

    <p>A nosocomial infection is an infection acquired in a healthcare setting.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nosocomial infections can develop during a client's stay in a facility or manifest after discharge.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a carrier?

    <p>A carrier is a person or animal that harbors pathogens without showing symptoms of illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these are NOT major categories of microorganisms causing infection in humans?

    <p>Protozoa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria are the most common infection-causing microorganisms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of infection is limited to a specific area?

    <p>Local infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A systemic infection damages different parts of the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection generally appears suddenly and lasts a short time?

    <p>Acute infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of infection may occur slowly over a long period and last for months or years?

    <p>Chronic infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name of the process that is involved in spreading infection?

    <p>Chain of infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chain of infection can only occur when all six links are intact.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Breaking the chain of infection at any link can stop the spread of infection.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a susceptible host?

    <p>A susceptible host is a person who is exposed to a pathogen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A microorganism can spread to another person, but it may not develop into an infection if their immune system can fight it off.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A person without symptoms can still be a carrier.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An infected host can become a reservoir for future transmission of the disease.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children who are very young, people who are very old, and people on inadequate diets are all susceptible hosts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    People with open wounds are susceptible hosts.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the most common routes of transmission?

    <p>The most common routes of transmission are contact, droplet, and airborne.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a vector?

    <p>A living organism that transmits a disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the stages of infection?

    <p>The stages of infection are incubation period, prodromal stage, full stage of illness, decline phase, and convalescent stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the incubation period?

    <p>The incubation period is the time between the invasion of the body by a pathogen and the appearance of the first symptoms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is another name for the incubation period?

    <p>The incubation period is also known as the silent stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the prodromal stage?

    <p>The prodromal stage is when pathogens begin to invade tissues, and nonspecific symptoms like malaise, low-grade fever, and fatigue appear, before progressing to more specific symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the full stage of illness or invasion stage?

    <p>The full stage of illness is when an individual experiences the typical signs and symptoms of the disease with maximum intensity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens during the decline phase?

    <p>The decline phase is when the host's defenses begin to overcome the infection, and symptoms start to decrease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the convalescent stage?

    <p>The convalescent stage is the period of recovery from infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is asepsis?

    <p>Asepsis is a freedom from disease-causing microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two basic types of asepsis?

    <p>Medical asepsis and surgical asepsis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Medical asepsis is referred to as the "clean technique", while surgical asepsis is referred to as the "sterile technique".

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the procedures used in medical asepsis?

    <p>Hand washing, standard precautions, and transmission-based precautions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are procedures used in surgical asepsis?

    <p>Elimination of microorganisms from an area. Sterilization destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cleaning is a process that involves disinfecting surfaces.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disinfectant eliminates all microorganisms, including spores.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between a disinfectant and an antiseptic?

    <p>A disinfectant is used on inanimate objects like surfaces to kill microorganisms, while an antiseptic is used on living tissue like skin to prevent infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Sterilizing is a process of killing all microorganisms, including spores and viruses.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is contamination?

    <p>Contamination is the process by which something is rendered unclean or unsterile.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is an infection?

    <p>An infection is an invasion of the body by pathogens, or microorganisms capable of producing disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define nosocomial infection.

    <p>Nosocomial infection refers to infections acquired in a healthcare facility, associated with the delivery of health care services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nosocomial infections can develop during a client's stay or after discharge.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are carriers?

    <p>Carriers are people or animals that show no symptoms of illness but carry pathogens in their bodies and can spread them to others.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are the four major categories of microorganisms that can cause infection in humans?

    <p>Bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria are the most common infection-causing microorganisms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the two main types of infections?

    <p>Local and systemic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Differentiate between a local and a systemic infection.

    <p>A local infection is limited to a specific area of the body, while a systemic infection spreads throughout the body, impacting multiple areas and systems.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An acute infection develops slowly over a prolonged period.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Explain the chain of infection.

    <p>The chain of infection outlines the steps necessary for an infection to occur, involving an infectious agent, reservoir, portal of exit, mode of transmission, portal of entry, and a susceptible host.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The chain of infection can only happen if all six links are intact.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a portal of exit for microorganisms?

    <p>Eyes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The mode of transmission refers to the way microorganisms travel from one host to another.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a mode of transmission?

    <p>Telepathic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The portal of entry is the reverse of the portal of exit, meaning the infectious agent enters the body through a similar route where it left the reservoir.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Asepsis and Infection Control

    • Asepsis is freedom from disease-causing microorganisms.
    • Two basic types of asepsis exist: medical and surgical.

    Medical Asepsis

    • Reduces the number of pathogens.
    • Referred to as "clean technique".
    • Used in administering medications, enemas, and tube feedings.
    • Daily hygiene, including hand hygiene, is crucial.
    • Hand hygiene is the most important aspect of medical asepsis.

    Surgical Asepsis

    • Eliminates all pathogens.
    • Called "sterile technique".
    • Used in dressing changes, catheterizations, and surgical procedures.

    Medical Asepsis or Clean Technique

    • Procedures to reduce microorganisms and prevent spread.
    • Includes handwashing, standard precautions, and transmission-based precautions.

    Surgical Asepsis or Sterile Technique

    • Procedures to eliminate microorganisms from an area.
    • Sterilization destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses.

    Cleaning

    • Cleanliness inhibits microorganism growth.
    • Involves removing foreign materials such as soil and organic material.
    • Generally, cleansing uses water and mechanical action.
    • Can use a brush, detergent, or soap.

    Disinfection

    • Eliminates pathogenic organisms on inanimate objects, excluding spores.

    Disinfectant

    • A chemical substance used for disinfecting inanimate objects.
    • Examples: phenol, chlorine.

    Antiseptic Solution

    • Used on skin to inhibit microorganism growth and activity.
    • Does not necessarily destroy microorganisms.
    • Examples: Betadine, hydrogen peroxide.

    Sterilizing

    • Destroys all microorganisms, including spores and viruses.

    Contamination

    • The process of rendering something unclean or unsterile.

    Infection

    • An invasion of the body by pathogens; capable of producing disease.

    Nosocomial Infection

    • Infections associated with healthcare services.
    • Can develop during or manifest after a client's stay in a healthcare facility.

    Carriers

    • People or animals without symptoms but harbor pathogens, potentially spreading them.

    Types of Microorganisms Causing Infection

    • Four main categories: bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites.
    • Bacteria are the most common infection-causing microorganisms.

    Types of Infection

    • Local: limited to a specific body part.
    • Systemic: microorganisms spread and damage different body parts.

    Acute or Chronic Infections

    • Acute: sudden onset, short duration.
    • Chronic: slow onset, long duration.

    Infection Process

    • Emphasizes the chain of infection: infectious agent, reservoir, portal of entry, mode of transmission, portal of exit, and susceptible host.

    Breaking the Chain of Infection

    • Interrupting any step in this chain prevents infection transmission.

    How Germs Get Around, Portal of Entry, Portal of Exit

    • Shows how germs travel.
    • Details the areas of entry (cuts, mouth, eyes) and exit (cuts, mouth, toilet, sneeze).
    • Identifying the infectious agent and reservoir.
    • Identifying portals of entry and exit for microorganisms.
    • Understanding how microorganisms transmit and how to prevent or control infection.

    Stages of Infection

    • Five main stages: incubation period, prodromal stage, full-stage illness, decline phase, convalescent stage.

    Incubation Period

    • Time interval between microorganism invasion and first infection symptoms
    • Examples: chicken pox (2-3 weeks), common cold (1-2 days).

    Prodromal Stage

    • Early stage of infection characterized by non-specific symptoms: malaise, low-grade fever, fatigue.
    • Microorganisms rapidly multiply, increasing transmission potential.

    Full Stage of Illness (Invasion Stage)

    • Marked by specific and prominent infection signs and symptoms fully developed.

    Decline Phase

    • Host defenses start to overcome the infection's effects, weakening symptoms.

    Convalescent Stage

    • Period of recovery from infection, signs and symptoms disappear.

    Defenses Against Infection

    • The body's innate defenses: the normal body flora protect against numerous pathogens.
    • Each organ has defense mechanisms to minimize exposure to pathogens.

    First Lines of Defense

    • Natural barriers against pathogens like skin, saliva with enzymes, tears with enzymes, stomach acid, and mucus linings of the body.

    The Blood

    • White blood cells (neutrophils, monocytes) increase rapidly—engulf and destroy invading agents.
    • Bone marrow releases these cells as part of the initial body response.

    White Blood Cells (WBCs)

    • Types of WBC and their roles in the immune system (e.g., neutrophils, lymphocytes, macrophages).

    Nurse Management

    • Assessing client's history, physical examination, and laboratory results.

    Physical Assessment

    • Observation of body parts: swelling, redness, pain, heat, loss of function, fever, and lymphatic enlargement.

    Laboratory Data

    • Leukocyte count, ESR, and cultures to assess for microorganisms.

    Standard Precautions

    • Body substance isolation to prevent infection spread (e.g., hand washing, appropriate PPE).

    Personal Protective Measures

    • Employing gloves, aprons, masks, and eye protection to limit exposure to microorganisms.

    Needle Stick Prevention

    • Avoiding recapping used needles—dispose immediately in puncture-proof containers to prevent infection.

    Respiratory Hygiene and Cough Etiquette

    • Apply source control measures.

    Health Care Facilities—Infection Control

    • Maintain separation distances for symptomatic patients.
    • Post warnings at entrances, instructing persons to practice respiratory hygiene and cough etiquette.
    • Making hand hygiene and disinfection supplies available in common areas.
    • Other miscellaneous guidelines like proper sharps disposal and disinfection, and using private rooms for patients with communicable diseases.

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    Asepsis and Infection Control PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the concepts of asepsis and infection control, including the differences between medical and surgical asepsis. It emphasizes the importance of hand hygiene and cleanliness in preventing the spread of pathogens. Test your knowledge on techniques used in various healthcare settings.

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