Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which cytokine was found to be elevated in the brain and whole blood of ASD patients compared to controls?
Which cytokine was found to be elevated in the brain and whole blood of ASD patients compared to controls?
- IL-6
- IL-4
- TNF-α
- IFN-γ (correct)
Which cytokine is mainly produced by M1 macrophages and is important for NF-kB activation, a transcription factor and an essential regulator of inflammatory genes?
Which cytokine is mainly produced by M1 macrophages and is important for NF-kB activation, a transcription factor and an essential regulator of inflammatory genes?
- IL-6
- TNF-α (correct)
- IFN-γ
- IL-4
Which pro-inflammatory cytokine was found to have a significant production in monocytes of ASD patients compared to controls when their PBMCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro?
Which pro-inflammatory cytokine was found to have a significant production in monocytes of ASD patients compared to controls when their PBMCs were stimulated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in vitro?
- IL-6 (correct)
- IL-4
- IFN-γ
- TNF-α
Which cytokine was found to induce T-helper 17 (Th17) response?
Which cytokine was found to induce T-helper 17 (Th17) response?
Which cytokine was found to have an elevated level in the serum of mothers of individuals who were later diagnosed with autism during mid-gestation?
Which cytokine was found to have an elevated level in the serum of mothers of individuals who were later diagnosed with autism during mid-gestation?
Which cytokine is known to activate CD4+ T-helper 1 (Th1) response?
Which cytokine is known to activate CD4+ T-helper 1 (Th1) response?
Which cytokine showed an increased NF-kB binding activity to DNA in the PBMCs of ASD patients?
Which cytokine showed an increased NF-kB binding activity to DNA in the PBMCs of ASD patients?
Which body fluid is the most common site for biomarker discovery in ASD patients?
Which body fluid is the most common site for biomarker discovery in ASD patients?
What is one of the comorbidities that may accompany ASD?
What is one of the comorbidities that may accompany ASD?
At what age is ASD typically diagnosed?
At what age is ASD typically diagnosed?
Why are early behavioral interventions important in ASD?
Why are early behavioral interventions important in ASD?
What is the main purpose of identifying biomarkers of ASD?
What is the main purpose of identifying biomarkers of ASD?
Which term describes the potential division of services related to assessing and managing neurodevelopmental problems?
Which term describes the potential division of services related to assessing and managing neurodevelopmental problems?
What is a key reason for the lack of effective drugs to alleviate core ASD symptoms?
What is a key reason for the lack of effective drugs to alleviate core ASD symptoms?
What is a significant benefit of early screening for ASD?
What is a significant benefit of early screening for ASD?
What is the general outcome of Precision Medicine approaches to ASD?
What is the general outcome of Precision Medicine approaches to ASD?
Which of the following factors can directly affect the epigenetic machinery?
Which of the following factors can directly affect the epigenetic machinery?
What role does the placenta play in fetal programming, according to the text?
What role does the placenta play in fetal programming, according to the text?
According to the passage, how is the epigenome programmed?
According to the passage, how is the epigenome programmed?
What is the crucial time window for brain wiring, according to the text?
What is the crucial time window for brain wiring, according to the text?
According to the passage, what may influence the impact of rare mutations on the phenotypic outcome?
According to the passage, what may influence the impact of rare mutations on the phenotypic outcome?
How may the genomic background act, according to the text?
How may the genomic background act, according to the text?
According to the passage, what may be sufficient to cause ASD in an individual with a high load of common ASD risk variants?
According to the passage, what may be sufficient to cause ASD in an individual with a high load of common ASD risk variants?
Which of the following mechanisms may continue to undermine human health lifelong?
Which of the following mechanisms may continue to undermine human health lifelong?
What is the approximate percentage of observed variance in ASD that environmental influences account for?
What is the approximate percentage of observed variance in ASD that environmental influences account for?
In human studies comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins, what has been consistently revealed regarding environmental influences in ASD?
In human studies comparing monozygotic and dizygotic twins, what has been consistently revealed regarding environmental influences in ASD?
How do critical periods impact neuronal development according to the text?
How do critical periods impact neuronal development according to the text?
Which of the following is a factor that could influence the timing of neuronal development according to the text?
Which of the following is a factor that could influence the timing of neuronal development according to the text?
What is suggested about individuals with a genetic background involving few common risk variants in relation to ASD?
What is suggested about individuals with a genetic background involving few common risk variants in relation to ASD?
In brain development, what helps refine gene expression and intrinsic neuronal activity according to the text?
In brain development, what helps refine gene expression and intrinsic neuronal activity according to the text?
When do genes involved in cell proliferation tend to be expressed compared to genes involved in synaptogenesis or myelination?
When do genes involved in cell proliferation tend to be expressed compared to genes involved in synaptogenesis or myelination?
What is suggested about the impact of environmental influences on ASD development compared to genetic factors based on the text?
What is suggested about the impact of environmental influences on ASD development compared to genetic factors based on the text?
Which of the following statements about mitochondrial dysfunction and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is correct?
Which of the following statements about mitochondrial dysfunction and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is correct?
Which of the following biomarkers has been identified as part of a signature metabolomic pattern highly sensitive and specific in predicting ASD patients using plasma samples?
Which of the following biomarkers has been identified as part of a signature metabolomic pattern highly sensitive and specific in predicting ASD patients using plasma samples?
Which of the following statements about the relationship between neurodevelopmental regression (NDR) and mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD is correct?
Which of the following statements about the relationship between neurodevelopmental regression (NDR) and mitochondrial dysfunction in ASD is correct?
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about the prevalence of mitochondrial diseases in ASD is correct?
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about the prevalence of mitochondrial diseases in ASD is correct?
According to the information provided, which of the following statements about altered immune response in ASD is correct?
According to the information provided, which of the following statements about altered immune response in ASD is correct?
Which of the following molecules is mentioned in the text as part of the signature metabolomic pattern used to predict ASD patients?
Which of the following molecules is mentioned in the text as part of the signature metabolomic pattern used to predict ASD patients?
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about mitochondrial biomarkers in ASD is correct?
Based on the information provided, which of the following statements about mitochondrial biomarkers in ASD is correct?
According to the information provided, which of the following statements about the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and ASD is correct?
According to the information provided, which of the following statements about the relationship between mitochondrial dysfunction and ASD is correct?
