ASA Classification and Blood Pressure Guidelines

Color Deviations in Tissue

• Red (Erythema): Increased vascularity leads to engorgement with blood, causing redness.
• Blue (Cyanosis): Stagnation of blood causes a blue appearance, commonly seen in chronic inflammation.
• Brown (Melanotic): Caused by melanin from melanocytes; normal occurrences include freckles and brown patches in oral mucosa.
• White: Surface may appear white but can be wiped off to reveal a red, bleeding surface; hyperkeratosis presents as a non-wipeable thickened layer.

Descriptions of Tissue Deviations

• Circumscribed: Confined to a specific area with clear borders, as seen in cheek bites.
• Confluent: Previously separate areas blend together over time.
• Sessile: Features a broad base, resembling a bump; warts are common examples.
• Pedunculated: Characterized by a stalk, often invisible until touched.

Tissue Elevation Types

• Raised: Elevated above the surrounding area; palatal rugae illustrate this type.
• Vesicular: Small fluid-filled elevations; blisters exemplify this characteristic.
• Macular: Flat patches with altered color; physiologic pigmentation classified as macules.
• Papule: Small solid elevations; accidental tongue bites can lead to papules.
• Nodule: Enlarged papules located deeper in the sub-mucosa or dermis.

Tissue Defects

• Erosion: Shallow surface defects not extending through the epithelium.
• Ulcer: Deeper crater-like defects in mucous membranes, reaching beneath the epithelial surface; canker sores are a common form.

Tumors and Fluid Plans

• Tumor: Solid growths that may be benign or neoplastic, characterized by size, shape, and surface texture.
• Fluctuant: Contains fluid; blisters and superficial deviations like cheek bites exemplify this.
• Deep: Extends below the surface into underlying tissues, e.g., amalgam tattoos embedded in deeper tissues.
• Papillary: Shows small cauliflower-like projections; warts are classic examples.

ASA Classification

• ASA I: Refers to patients who are normal and healthy without systemic disease, capable of exertion like climbing stairs without distress. This group presents minimal risk and is considered a "green flag" for treatment.