Arts in the Philippines: Elements & Principles

Study Notes

Elements of Art

Elements of art describe various contemporary art forms in the Philippines, representing regions like Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao.
Key elements include space, line, shape, form, color, value, and texture.

Line

Defines shapes, contours, and outlines; suggests mass and volume.
Characteristics include:
- Form: Curved, dotted, broken lines.
- Direction: Vertical (strength), horizontal (serenity), diagonal (action), curved (gradual change), and circular lines (abrupt change).
Types of lines:
- Outlines: Shape outlines or silhouettes of objects.
- Contour Lines: Describe the shape and interior details.
- Expressive Lines: Capture movement and gestures.
- Sketch Lines: Represent appearance or impression of objects.
- Calligraphic Lines: Elegant hand-drawn lettering.
- Implied Lines: Created by a group of objects viewed from a distance.

Shape

Enclosed area defined by lines; two-dimensional with height and width.
Types of shapes include:
- Geometric Shapes: Circles, squares, triangles, etc.
- Organic Shapes: Nature-derived, free-flowing, and irregular forms.
- Positive Shapes: Solid forms in a design.
- Negative Shapes: Space surrounding positive shapes.
- Static Shapes: Appear stable and resting.
- Dynamic Shapes: Convey movement and activity.

Color

Perception of light reflected from surfaces; classified into various categories:
- Primary Colors: Red, blue, yellow.
- Secondary Colors: Resulting from mixing primary colors (e.g., purple, green, orange).
- Tertiary Colors: Resulting from mixing primary and secondary colors (e.g., amber, magenta).
- Analogous Colors: Colors adjacent on the color wheel (e.g., yellow, orange, red).
- Complementary Colors: Opposite colors on the wheel (e.g., red/green, blue/orange).
- Monochromatic Colors: Variations of a single color.
- Warm Colors: Evoke warmth (e.g., yellow, red, magenta).
- Cool Colors: Evoke coolness (e.g., blue, green, violet).

Space

Refers to distances surrounding objects in a piece; can be positive (enclosed) or negative (surrounding).
Perspective techniques help perceive distance:
- One-Point Perspective: Objects converge at a single point on the horizontal line.
- Two-Point Perspective: Objects meet at two points on the horizontal line.

Texture

Appeals to the sense of touch; characterized by roughness, smoothness, bumpiness, or slipperiness.
Texture influences how surfaces feel in artworks and contributes to visual depth.

Description

This quiz explores the elements and principles of art as introduced in Module 1: Arts in the Philippines. It covers various contemporary art forms across Luzon, Visayas, and Mindanao, focusing on key concepts such as space, line, shape, and color. Test your understanding of how these elements and principles contribute to the region's artistic expression.