Artificial Organs - Lung: Boyle-Mariotte Law and Hyperbaric Oxygenation

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Questions and Answers

What is the therapy for decompression illness caused by too fast decompression after exposure to increased pressure?

Thrombolysis

Lung transplantation

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy (correct)

Mechanical ventilation

What can gas bubbles in decompression illness cause?

Respiratory failure and lung collapse

Blood clot and muscle pain

Embolism and oedema (correct)

Cardiogenic shock and decreased lung compliance

What is the recommended therapy for pulmonary embolism?

Anticoagulation (correct)

Mechanical ventilation

Lung transplantation

Hyperbaric oxygen therapy

What is the goal of mechanical ventilation?

Maintain sufficient ventilation Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of ventilation depends on lung compliance, the ability of the lung to stretch and expand?

Pressure-limited ventilation (PC) Signup and view all the answers

What was the first method-of-choice after drowning according to John Hunter in the mid 18th century?

Manual ventilation with positioning Signup and view all the answers

What device was first described as a negative-pressure ventilator in the early 1800s?

"Spiraphore" by John Dalziel Signup and view all the answers

What did Drinker and Shaw modify in the 1920s, leading to the invention of the 'Iron Lung'?

"Both-Respirator" Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of ventilation is most commonly used for prolonged weaning and spontaneous breathing trials?

PS Signup and view all the answers

In non-invasive ventilation (NIV), what does SIMV stand for?

Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of Pressure-Regulated Volume Control (PRVC) in non-invasive ventilation?

To maintain constant tidal volume Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of ventilation in non-invasive ventilation adjusts peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) constantly in relation to the goal tidal volume?

Pressure-Regulated Volume Control (PRVC) Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of non-invasive ventilation is associated with increasing residual volume and hyperventilation as potential complications?

Assist Control (AC) Signup and view all the answers

In non-invasive ventilation, which mode is popular for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

PRVC Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of ventilation aims to provide a work of breathing for the patient in non-invasive ventilation?

PS Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of non-invasive ventilation utilizes varying pressures depending on pulmonary compliance and airway resistance?

AC-VC Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary complication associated with Pressure Support (PS) mode in non-invasive ventilation?

Hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of non-invasive ventilation is characterized by breaths that are patient- or time-triggered and are pressure targeted and time-cycled?

AC-VC Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of non-invasive ventilation adjusts peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) according to the goal tidal volume and is commonly used for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS)?

PRVC Signup and view all the answers

In non-invasive ventilation, which mode allows spontaneous breaths to be unsupported and slightly pressure-supported?

SIMV Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for using a nasal cannula for non-invasive ventilation (NIV)?

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) Signup and view all the answers

What is a contraindication for non-invasive ventilation using a mask?

Spontaneous breathing activity Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is an indication for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)?

Congestive heart failure Signup and view all the answers

What does Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BPAP) help to reduce during exhalation?

Tidal breathing volume Signup and view all the answers

What is the main indication for hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO)?

Wound healing disorder Signup and view all the answers

What does the Oxygen Dissociation Curve illustrate?

The relationship between oxygen saturation and partial pressure of oxygen Signup and view all the answers

What is the Sa-vO2 value if SaO2 is 97% and SvO2 is 65%?

32% Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of non-invasive ventilation has a low risk of ventilation-related injuries or pneumonia?

Nasal cannula for NIV Signup and view all the answers

In non-invasive ventilation, which condition would indicate the use of a nasal cannula?

(COPD) exacerbation Signup and view all the answers

Which condition indicates the use of Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BPAP)?

Obesity hypoventilation syndrome Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common contraindication for non-invasive ventilation using a mask?

Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) Signup and view all the answers

What does Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) help to open up in the lungs?

Alveoli Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Decompression Illness

Therapy for decompression illness caused by too fast decompression after exposure to increased pressure is hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO)
Gas bubbles in decompression illness can cause pulmonary embolism

Pulmonary Embolism

Recommended therapy for pulmonary embolism is hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO)

Mechanical Ventilation

Goal of mechanical ventilation is to provide a work of breathing for the patient
Mode of ventilation that depends on lung compliance is Pressure-Regulated Volume Control (PRVC)

History of Ventilation

According to John Hunter in the mid-18th century, the first method-of-choice after drowning was mouth-to-mouth respiration
In the early 1800s, the first device described as a negative-pressure ventilator was the "spirometer"
Drinker and Shaw modified the device in the 1920s, leading to the invention of the 'Iron Lung'

Non-Invasive Ventilation (NIV)

Mode most commonly used for prolonged weaning and spontaneous breathing trials is Pressure Support (PS)
SIMV in NIV stands for Synchronized Intermittent Mandatory Ventilation
Primary goal of Pressure-Regulated Volume Control (PRVC) in NIV is to provide a work of breathing for the patient
Mode that adjusts peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) constantly in relation to the goal tidal volume is Pressure-Regulated Volume Control (PRVC)
Mode associated with increasing residual volume and hyperventilation as potential complications is Volume-Control (VC)
Popular mode for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is Pressure-Control (PC)
Mode that aims to provide a work of breathing for the patient is Pressure Support (PS)
Mode that utilizes varying pressures depending on pulmonary compliance and airway resistance is Pressure-Regulated Volume Control (PRVC)
Primary complication associated with Pressure Support (PS) mode is over-assistance
Mode characterized by breaths that are patient- or time-triggered and are pressure-targeted and time-cycled is Pressure-Control (PC)
Mode that adjusts peak inspiratory pressure (PIP) according to the goal tidal volume and is commonly used for Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome (ARDS) is Pressure-Control (PC)
Mode that allows spontaneous breaths to be unsupported and slightly pressure-supported is Pressure Support (PS)
Main indication for using a nasal cannula for NIV is for patients with claustrophobia or facial trauma
Contraindication for NIV using a mask is facial trauma or severe maxillofacial disease
Indication for continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is for obstructive sleep apnea
Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BPAP) helps to reduce pressure during exhalation
Main indication for hyperbaric oxygenation (HBO) is for decompression illness
Oxygen Dissociation Curve illustrates the relationship between PaO2 and SaO2
If SaO2 is 97% and SvO2 is 65%, the Sa-vO2 value is 32%
Mode of NIV with a low risk of ventilation-related injuries or pneumonia is CPAP
Condition that would indicate the use of a nasal cannula is claustrophobia or facial trauma
Condition that indicates the use of Bi-level Positive Airway Pressure (BPAP) is chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)
Most common contraindication for NIV using a mask is facial trauma or severe maxillofacial disease
Continuous Positive Airway Pressure (CPAP) helps to open up atelectatic regions in the lungs

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Test your knowledge on the Boyle-Mariotte Law and Hyperbaric Oxygenation related to artificial lungs, including concepts such as pressure, gas bubble volume, vasoconstriction, and growth factors. This quiz covers topics like anatomy & physiology, pathology, mechanical ventilation, extracorporeal life support, and research in the field of artificial organs - lung.