130 Questions
What does the prefix 'arthro-' in arthrology refer to?
Joints
Which term refers to the study of ligaments?
Syndesmology
Which type of joint is joined with dense fibrous connective tissue?
Fibrous joints
Which type of joint is joined by cartilage and has primary and secondary subtypes?
Cartilaginous joints
Which type of joint is not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule?
Synovial joints
Which type of joint has little to no mobility and is mostly composed of fibrous joints?
Synarthrosis
Which type of joint moves in three main axes as vertical, sagittal, and transverse?
Ball-and-Socket Joint or Spheroidal Joint
What type of joint has joint faces that are oval and moves in transverse and sagittal axes?
Ellipsoidal Joint
Which type of joint has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction?
Saddle Joint or Articulatio sellaris
Which functional classification of joints allows for flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation, and circumduction movements?
Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints
Which term refers to the study of ligaments?
Syndesmology
What does the prefix 'arthro-' in arthrology refer to?
Joints
Which type of joint is joined with dense fibrous connective tissue?
Fibrous joint
Which type of joint is not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule?
Synovial joint
Which type of joint is joined by cartilage and has primary and secondary subtypes?
Cartilaginous joint
Which type of joint has joint faces that are oval and moves in transverse and sagittal axes?
Ellipsoidal joint
Which type of joint has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction?
Saddle joint
Which type of joint has little to no mobility and is mostly composed of fibrous joints?
Fibrous joint
Which type of joint moves in three main axes as vertical, sagittal, and transverse?
Ball-and-socket joint
Which functional classification of joints allows for flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation, and circumduction movements?
Synovial joint
Which type of joint is connected entirely by cartilage and allows for more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than a synovial joint?
Cartilaginous joint
Which term refers to the inflammation or irritation of a bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between moving parts in your body's joints?
Bursitis
Which type of joint is characterized by a peg fitting into a socket?
Gomphosis
Which type of joint is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue and is found in cranial sutures and distal tibiofibular joints?
Fibrous joint
What is the space between the cartilage-covered surfaces and the inner face of the joint capsule called?
Joint cavity
Which type of joint is characterized by little to no mobility and is mostly composed of fibrous joints?
Fibrous joint
What is the study of ligaments called?
Arthrology
Which type of joint is not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity that is closed with an articular capsule?
Synovial joint
Which type of joint has joint faces that are individually covered with hyaline cartilage and surrounded by an articular capsule?
Synovial joint
Which type of joint is characterized by a backward-forward swing movement, similar to the hinge of a box or a door?
Hinge joint
Which type of joint moves in a restricted rotational motion around the vertical axis?
Pivot Joint or Articulatio trochoidea
Which type of joint has joint faces that are straight and allows only sliding movements?
Plane Joint
Which type of joint has joint faces that are oval and moves in transverse and sagittal axes?
Ellipsoidal Joint
Which type of joint has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction?
Saddle Joint or Articulatio sellaris
Which functional classification of joints allows for flexion-extension movements in the transverse axis and abduction-adduction movements in the sagittal axis?
Biaxial joints
Which type of joint has a convex joint face in the form of a sphere and a concave joint face in the form of a pit to contain this face?
Ball-and-Socket Joint or Spheroidal Joint
Which type of joint has the convex joint face in the form of 2 condyles and the concave joint face in the form of a slightly hollow?
Bicondylar Joint
Which functional classification of joints allows for flexion, extension, and rotation movements?
Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints
Which type of joint has joint faces that are joined by dense fibrous connective tissue and has limited mobility?
Fibrous Joint
Which type of joint is not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule?
Synovial Joint
Match the following types of joints with their correct descriptions:
Fibrous joints = Joined with dense fibrous connective tissue Cartilaginous joints = Connected entirely by cartilage Synovial joints = Not directly joined; the bones share synovial cavity that is closed with articular capsule
Match the following types of joints with their correct subtypes:
Fibrous joints = Suture, Schindylesis, Gomphosis Cartilaginous joints = Synchondrosis, Symphysis Synovial joints = Diarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Synarthrosis
Match the following types of joints with their correct definitions:
Synarthrosis = Little to no mobility, mostly fibrous joints Amphiarthrosis = Slight mobility, mostly cartilaginous joints Diarthrosis = Freely movable, synovial joints
Match the following joint structures with their correct descriptions:
Joint cavity = The space between the cartilage-covered surfaces and the inner face of the joint capsule Articular capsule = Made of collagen fibers, it completely covers the joint faces and joint space Articular cartilage = The hyaline cartilage that covers the joint faces of the bones, their surfaces are polished and slippery
Match the following types of synovial joints with their correct descriptions:
Hinge Joint or Ginglymus = Moves in a restricted rotational motion around the vertical axis Pivot Joint or Articulatio Trochoidea = Moves in a restricted rotational motion around a central axis Ball-Socket Joint or Articulatio Spheroidea = Has a convex joint face in the form of a sphere and a concave joint face in the form of a pit to contain this face
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Arthrology = The study of joints Bursitis = Inflammation or irritation of a bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between moving parts in your body's joints
Match the following joint types with their correct descriptions:
Fibrous joints = Types of Sutures: Plane suture, Serrate suture, Squamous suture, Denticulate suture, Schindylesis Cartilaginous joints = Synchondrosis: Between the diaphysis and epiphysis of long bone, Symphysis: Fibrocartilage Symphysis pubis Synovial joints = Joint cavity, Articular cartilage, Articular capsule, Articular ligaments
Match the following joint classifications with their correct descriptions:
Structural Classification = Divides joints into fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial categories based on their structures Functional Classification = Divides joints into synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis based on their movement or function
Match the following joint types with their correct descriptions:
Fibrous joints = Composed of dense fibrous connective tissue Cartilaginous joints = Joined by cartilage, has primary and secondary subtypes Synovial joints = Not directly joined, the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule
Match the following types of joints with their correct descriptions:
Fibrous joints = Composed of dense fibrous connective tissue, little to no mobility Cartilaginous joints = Connected entirely by cartilage, allows more movement than fibrous joint but less than synovial joint Synovial joints = Not directly joined, bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule, allows for a wide range of movements
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Arthrology = The study of joints Syndesmology = The study of ligaments Arthron = The Greek term for joints Arthro- = The prefix that refers to joints
Match the following statements with the correct type of joint:
Has convex joint face in the form of a sphere and a concave joint face in the form of a pit = Ball and socket joint Has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction = Saddle joint Characterized by a backward-forward swing movement, similar to the hinge of a box or a door = Hinge joint Not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule = Pivot joint
Match the following statements with the correct type of joint:
Characterized by little to no mobility and is mostly composed of fibrous joints = Fibrous joint Joint faces are oval and move in transverse and sagittal axes = Ellipsoidal joint Joined by cartilage and has primary and secondary subtypes = Cartilaginous joint Moves in a restricted rotational motion around the vertical axis = Trochoid joint
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Fibrous joint = Type of joint with little to no mobility and mostly composed of fibrous joints Ellipsoidal joint = Type of joint with joint faces that are oval and moves in transverse and sagittal axes Cartilaginous joint = Type of joint joined by cartilage and has primary and secondary subtypes Trochoid joint = Type of joint that moves in a restricted rotational motion around the vertical axis
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Ball and socket joint = Type of joint that has convex joint face in the form of a sphere and a concave joint face in the form of a pit Saddle joint = Type of joint that has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction Hinge joint = Type of joint that is characterized by a backward-forward swing movement, similar to the hinge of a box or a door Pivot joint = Type of joint that is not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule
Match the following statements with the correct type of joint:
Characterized by little to no mobility and is mostly composed of fibrous joints = Fibrous joint Joint faces are oval and move in transverse and sagittal axes = Ellipsoidal joint Joined by cartilage and has primary and secondary subtypes = Cartilaginous joint Moves in a restricted rotational motion around the vertical axis = Trochoid joint
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Fibrous joint = Type of joint with little to no mobility and mostly composed of fibrous joints Ellipsoidal joint = Type of joint with joint faces that are oval and moves in transverse and sagittal axes Cartilaginous joint = Type of joint joined by cartilage and has primary and secondary subtypes Trochoid joint = Type of joint that moves in a restricted rotational motion around the vertical axis
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Ball and socket joint = Type of joint that has convex joint face in the form of a sphere and a concave joint face in the form of a pit Saddle joint = Type of joint that has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction Hinge joint = Type of joint that is characterized by a backward-forward swing movement, similar to the hinge of a box or a door Pivot joint = Type of joint that is not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule
Match the following statements with the correct type of joint:
Has convex joint face in the form of a sphere and a concave joint face in the form of a pit = Ball and socket joint Has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction = Saddle joint Characterized by a backward-forward swing movement, similar to the hinge of a box or a door = Hinge joint Not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule = Pivot joint
Match the following terms with their correct definitions:
Arthrology = The study of joints Syndesmology = The study of ligaments Arthron = The Greek term for joints Arthro- = The prefix that refers to joints
Match the following types of joints with their descriptions:
Ginglymus or Hinge Joint = Moves on the transverse axis, like the elbow Plane Joint = One of the joint faces is straight, and there is no specific axis Pivot Joint or Articulatio trochoidea = Has an axis extending in the vertical direction and makes a rotational movement Ellipsoidal Joint = Joint faces are oval and it moves in transverse and sagittal axes
Match the following types of joints with their examples:
Saddle Joint or Articulatio sellaris = Calcaneocuboid joint, Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Ball-and-Socket Joint or Spheroidal Joint = Shoulder joint, Hip joint Bicondylar Joint = Knee joint, Temporomandibular joint Plane Joint = Joints that do not have a definite axis, only sliding movements can be made
Match the following functional classifications of joints with their descriptions:
Uniaxial (monoaxialuniaxial) joints = The axis is either transverse or vertical, allowing for flexion and extension movements or rotation Biaxial joints = One axis is transverse and the other is sagittal, allowing for flexion-extension movements and abduction-adduction movements Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints = There are three main axes in the joint: transverse, sagittal and vertical, allowing for flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation and circumduction movements Joints that do not have a definite axis = Here the joint faces are straight, and only sliding movements can be made
Match the following types of joints with their examples:
Uniaxial (monoaxialuniaxial) joints = The Elbow - Humero-ulnar joint Biaxial joints = The Hand - Metacarpophalangeal joints - Proximal interphalangeal joints - Distal interphalangeal joints Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints = The Foot, The Knee, The Ankle Joints that do not have a definite axis = Intercarpal joint
Match the following types of joints with their descriptions:
Ginglymus or Hinge Joint = Moves on the transverse axis, like the elbow Plane Joint = One of the joint faces is straight, and there is no specific axis Pivot Joint or Articulatio trochoidea = Has an axis extending in the vertical direction and makes a rotational movement Ellipsoidal Joint = Joint faces are oval and it moves in transverse and sagittal axes
Match the following types of joints with their examples:
Saddle Joint or Articulatio sellaris = Calcaneocuboid joint, Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Ball-and-Socket Joint or Spheroidal Joint = Shoulder joint, Hip joint Bicondylar Joint = Knee joint, Temporomandibular joint Plane Joint = Joints that do not have a definite axis, only sliding movements can be made
Match the following functional classifications of joints with their descriptions:
Uniaxial (monoaxialuniaxial) joints = The axis is either transverse or vertical, allowing for flexion and extension movements or rotation Biaxial joints = One axis is transverse and the other is sagittal, allowing for flexion-extension movements and abduction-adduction movements Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints = There are three main axes in the joint: transverse, sagittal and vertical, allowing for flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation and circumduction movements Joints that do not have a definite axis = Here the joint faces are straight, and only sliding movements can be made
Match the following types of joints with their examples:
Uniaxial (monoaxialuniaxial) joints = The Elbow - Humero-ulnar joint Biaxial joints = The Hand - Metacarpophalangeal joints - Proximal interphalangeal joints - Distal interphalangeal joints Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints = The Foot, The Knee, The Ankle Joints that do not have a definite axis = Intercarpal joint
Match the following types of joints with their descriptions:
Ginglymus or Hinge Joint = Moves on the transverse axis, like the elbow Plane Joint = One of the joint faces is straight, and there is no specific axis Pivot Joint or Articulatio trochoidea = Has an axis extending in the vertical direction and makes a rotational movement Ellipsoidal Joint = Joint faces are oval and it moves in transverse and sagittal axes
Match the following types of joints with their examples:
Saddle Joint or Articulatio sellaris = Calcaneocuboid joint, Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Ball-and-Socket Joint or Spheroidal Joint = Shoulder joint, Hip joint Bicondylar Joint = Knee joint, Temporomandibular joint Plane Joint = Joints that do not have a definite axis, only sliding movements can be made
Arthrology is the study of bones.
False
Syndesmology is the study of ligaments.
True
Arthrology is a branch of anatomy.
True
There are a total of 34 lecture slides on arthrology.
True
These lecture slides can be used as references.
False
Arthro- is a prefix that refers to ligaments.
False
Synovial joints allow for more movement between bones than fibrous joints.
True
The prefix 'arthro-' in arthrology comes from the Greek word for joints.
True
Arthrology is the study of joints and ligaments.
True
The study of ligaments is called syndesmology.
True
Fibrous joints are joined with dense fibrous connective tissue.
True
Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage.
True
Synovial joints are directly joined, with the bones sharing a synovial cavity.
False
Synarthrosis joints have slight mobility.
False
Amphiarthrosis joints have little to no mobility.
False
Diarthrosis joints are freely movable.
True
Gomphosis joints are characterized by a peg fitting into a socket.
True
Symphysis joints are composed of fibrocartilage.
True
Hinge joints allow for backward-forward swing movement.
True
Synovial joints have joint faces individually covered with fibrocartilage.
False
True or false: The elbow joint is an example of a ginglymus or hinge joint.
True
True or false: The foot joint is an example of a plane joint.
True
True or false: The proximal-distal radioulnar joint is an example of a pivot joint.
True
True or false: The metacarpophalangeal joint is an example of an ellipsoidal joint.
True
True or false: The calcaneocuboid joint is an example of a saddle joint.
True
True or false: The shoulder joint is an example of a ball-and-socket joint.
True
True or false: The knee joint is an example of a bicondylar joint.
True
True or false: Biaxial joints allow for flexion-extension movements in the transverse axis and abduction-adduction movements in the sagittal axis.
True
True or false: Multiaxial or polyaxial joints allow for flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation, and circumduction movements.
True
True or false: Joints that do not have a definite axis only allow sliding movements.
True
Arthrology is the study of bones.
False
Synovial joints are directly joined, with the bones sharing a synovial cavity.
True
Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage.
True
Synarthrosis joints have slight mobility.
True
The study of ligaments is called syndesmology.
True
Diarthrosis joints are freely movable.
True
Amphiarthrosis joints have little to no mobility.
True
Symphysis joints are composed of fibrocartilage.
True
The prefix 'arthro-' in arthrology refers to muscles.
False
The prefix 'arthro-' in arthrology refers to joints.
True
Fibrous joints are joined with dense fibrous connective tissue.
True
Synovial joints are directly joined, with the bones sharing a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule.
False
Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than fibrous joints.
True
The joint cavity is filled with synovial fluid secreted from the synovial membrane.
True
Articular cartilage acts as a buffer and reduces the reflection of impacts to the bone.
True
Articular ligaments connect the bones that make up the joint.
True
Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in the body's joints.
True
The hinge joint is a modified sellar joint that allows for backward-forward swing movement.
True
Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body.
True
Arthrology is the study of joints.
True
True or false: The elbow joint is an example of a ginglymus or hinge joint.
True
True or false: The calcaneocuboid joint is an example of a saddle joint.
True
True or false: The metacarpophalangeal joint is an example of an ellipsoidal joint.
True
True or false: Synovial joints have joint faces individually covered with fibrocartilage.
False
True or false: Arthrology is a branch of anatomy.
True
True or false: Arthrology is the study of joints and ligaments.
True
True or false: The proximal-distal radioulnar joint is an example of a pivot joint.
True
True or false: The prefix 'arthro-' in arthrology comes from the Greek word for joints.
True
True or false: Arthrology is the study of bones.
False
True or false: The elbow joint is an example of a ginglymus or hinge joint.
True
Study Notes
Arthrology and Syndesmology
- Arthrology is the study of joints
- Syndesmology is the study of ligaments
Classification of Joints
-
Structural Classification (binding tissue)
- 3 groups of joints based on their structure:
- Fibrous joints: joined with dense fibrous connective tissue (e.g. cranial sutures, distal tibiofibular and cuboideonavicular joints)
- Cartilaginous joints: joined by cartilage (e.g. costochondral joints)
- Synovial joints: not directly joined, bones share a synovial cavity (e.g. sternoclavicular, shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, radiocarpal, proximal tibiofibular joints)
- 3 groups of joints based on their structure:
-
Functional Classification (movement)
- 3 groups of joints based on their movement or function:
- Synarthrosis: little/no mobility (mostly fibrous joints)
- Amphiarthrosis: slight mobility (mostly cartilaginous joints)
- Diarthrosis: freely movable (synovial joints)
- 3 groups of joints based on their movement or function:
Fibrous Joints
-
Types of Fibrous Joints
- Sutures (e.g. plane suture, serrate suture, squamous suture, denticulate suture, schindylesis)
- Syndesmosis (e.g. inferior tibiofibular joint)
- Gomphosis (a peg fits into a socket)
Cartilaginous Joints
-
Types of Cartilaginous Joints
- Synchondrosis (primary cartilaginous, e.g. between the diaphysis and epiphysis of long bone)
- Symphysis (secondary cartilaginous, e.g. symphysis pubis)
Synovial Joints
-
Structures Required for Synovial Joints
- Joint cavity
- Articular cartilage
- Articular capsule
- Articular ligaments
- Bursae: small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in joints
Classification of Synovial Joints
-
Hinge Joint or Ginglymus
- Moves on the transverse axis
- Examples: humero-ulnar joint, elbow, hand, foot, knee, ankle
-
Plane Joint
- One joint face is straight, slightly concave or convex, and the other face is shaped to match it
- Only limited sliding movements can be made
- Examples: intercarpal joint
-
Pivot Joint or Articulatio Trochoidea
- Has an axis extending in the vertical direction
- Makes a rotational movement
- Examples: proximal-distal radioulnar joint, atlantoaxial median joint
-
Ellipsoid Joint or Condyloid Joint
- Joint faces are oval
- Moves in transverse and sagittal axes
- Examples: metacarpophalangeal joint, atlantooccipital joint, radiocarpal joint
-
Saddle Joint or Articulatio Sellaris
- Both joint faces are concave in one direction and convex in the other direction
- Has sagittal and transverse axes
- Examples: calcaneocuboid joint, carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
-
Ball-and-Socket Joint or Spheroidal Joint (enarthrosis)
- Moves in 3 main axes: vertical, sagittal, and transverse
- Examples: shoulder joint, hip joint
-
Bicondylar Joint
- The convex joint face is in the form of 2 condyles, and the concave joint face is in the form of a slightly hollow
- Movement occurs in the transverse axis
- Examples: knee joint, temporomandibular joint
Functional Classification of Joints (Axes)
-
Uniaxial (Monoaxial) Joints
- Axis is either transverse or vertical
- Examples: ginglymus, trochoid group joints
-
Biaxial Joints
- One axis is transverse and the other is sagittal
- Examples: ellipsoid, sellar group joints
-
Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints
- Three main axes: transverse, sagittal, and vertical
- Examples: spheroidal joint
-
Joints that do not have a Definite Axis
- Joint faces are straight
- Only sliding movements can be made
- Examples: plane joint
Test your knowledge of arthrology with this quiz! This quiz covers the basic concepts and terminology related to the study of joints in the human body. Challenge yourself and see how much you know about the anatomy of joints.
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