Arthrology Quiz
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Arthrology Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the prefix 'arthro-' in arthrology refer to?

  • Joints (correct)
  • Medicine
  • Anatomy
  • Ligaments

    • Which term refers to the study of ligaments?

  • Medicine
  • Anatomy
  • Arthrology
  • Syndesmology (correct)

    • Which type of joint is joined with dense fibrous connective tissue?

  • Cartilaginous joints
  • Fibrous joints (correct)
  • Synovial joints
  • Amphiarthrosis

    • Which type of joint is joined by cartilage and has primary and secondary subtypes?

    <p>Cartilaginous joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule?

    <p>Synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has little to no mobility and is mostly composed of fibrous joints?

    <p>Synarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint moves in three main axes as vertical, sagittal, and transverse?

    <p>Ball-and-Socket Joint or Spheroidal Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of joint has joint faces that are oval and moves in transverse and sagittal axes?

    <p>Ellipsoidal Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction?

    <p>Saddle Joint or Articulatio sellaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional classification of joints allows for flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation, and circumduction movements?

    <p>Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the study of ligaments?

    <p>Syndesmology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the prefix 'arthro-' in arthrology refer to?

    <p>Joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is joined with dense fibrous connective tissue?

    <p>Fibrous joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule?

    <p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is joined by cartilage and has primary and secondary subtypes?

    <p>Cartilaginous joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has joint faces that are oval and moves in transverse and sagittal axes?

    <p>Ellipsoidal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction?

    <p>Saddle joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has little to no mobility and is mostly composed of fibrous joints?

    <p>Fibrous joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint moves in three main axes as vertical, sagittal, and transverse?

    <p>Ball-and-socket joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional classification of joints allows for flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation, and circumduction movements?

    <p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is connected entirely by cartilage and allows for more movement between bones than a fibrous joint but less than a synovial joint?

    <p>Cartilaginous joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term refers to the inflammation or irritation of a bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between moving parts in your body's joints?

    <p>Bursitis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is characterized by a peg fitting into a socket?

    <p>Gomphosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is composed of dense fibrous connective tissue and is found in cranial sutures and distal tibiofibular joints?

    <p>Fibrous joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the space between the cartilage-covered surfaces and the inner face of the joint capsule called?

    <p>Joint cavity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is characterized by little to no mobility and is mostly composed of fibrous joints?

    <p>Fibrous joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the study of ligaments called?

    <p>Arthrology</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity that is closed with an articular capsule?

    <p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has joint faces that are individually covered with hyaline cartilage and surrounded by an articular capsule?

    <p>Synovial joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is characterized by a backward-forward swing movement, similar to the hinge of a box or a door?

    <p>Hinge joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint moves in a restricted rotational motion around the vertical axis?

    <p>Pivot Joint or Articulatio trochoidea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has joint faces that are straight and allows only sliding movements?

    <p>Plane Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has joint faces that are oval and moves in transverse and sagittal axes?

    <p>Ellipsoidal Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction?

    <p>Saddle Joint or Articulatio sellaris</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional classification of joints allows for flexion-extension movements in the transverse axis and abduction-adduction movements in the sagittal axis?

    <p>Biaxial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has a convex joint face in the form of a sphere and a concave joint face in the form of a pit to contain this face?

    <p>Ball-and-Socket Joint or Spheroidal Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has the convex joint face in the form of 2 condyles and the concave joint face in the form of a slightly hollow?

    <p>Bicondylar Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which functional classification of joints allows for flexion, extension, and rotation movements?

    <p>Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint has joint faces that are joined by dense fibrous connective tissue and has limited mobility?

    <p>Fibrous Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of joint is not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule?

    <p>Synovial Joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Fibrous joints = Joined with dense fibrous connective tissue Cartilaginous joints = Connected entirely by cartilage Synovial joints = Not directly joined; the bones share synovial cavity that is closed with articular capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their correct subtypes:

    <p>Fibrous joints = Suture, Schindylesis, Gomphosis Cartilaginous joints = Synchondrosis, Symphysis Synovial joints = Diarthrosis, Amphiarthrosis, Synarthrosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their correct definitions:

    <p>Synarthrosis = Little to no mobility, mostly fibrous joints Amphiarthrosis = Slight mobility, mostly cartilaginous joints Diarthrosis = Freely movable, synovial joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following joint structures with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Joint cavity = The space between the cartilage-covered surfaces and the inner face of the joint capsule Articular capsule = Made of collagen fibers, it completely covers the joint faces and joint space Articular cartilage = The hyaline cartilage that covers the joint faces of the bones, their surfaces are polished and slippery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of synovial joints with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Hinge Joint or Ginglymus = Moves in a restricted rotational motion around the vertical axis Pivot Joint or Articulatio Trochoidea = Moves in a restricted rotational motion around a central axis Ball-Socket Joint or Articulatio Spheroidea = Has a convex joint face in the form of a sphere and a concave joint face in the form of a pit to contain this face</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Arthrology = The study of joints Bursitis = Inflammation or irritation of a bursa, a small fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between moving parts in your body's joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following joint types with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Fibrous joints = Types of Sutures: Plane suture, Serrate suture, Squamous suture, Denticulate suture, Schindylesis Cartilaginous joints = Synchondrosis: Between the diaphysis and epiphysis of long bone, Symphysis: Fibrocartilage Symphysis pubis Synovial joints = Joint cavity, Articular cartilage, Articular capsule, Articular ligaments</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following joint classifications with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Structural Classification = Divides joints into fibrous, cartilaginous, and synovial categories based on their structures Functional Classification = Divides joints into synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, and diarthrosis based on their movement or function</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following joint types with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Fibrous joints = Composed of dense fibrous connective tissue Cartilaginous joints = Joined by cartilage, has primary and secondary subtypes Synovial joints = Not directly joined, the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their correct descriptions:

    <p>Fibrous joints = Composed of dense fibrous connective tissue, little to no mobility Cartilaginous joints = Connected entirely by cartilage, allows more movement than fibrous joint but less than synovial joint Synovial joints = Not directly joined, bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule, allows for a wide range of movements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Arthrology = The study of joints Syndesmology = The study of ligaments Arthron = The Greek term for joints Arthro- = The prefix that refers to joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statements with the correct type of joint:

    <p>Has convex joint face in the form of a sphere and a concave joint face in the form of a pit = Ball and socket joint Has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction = Saddle joint Characterized by a backward-forward swing movement, similar to the hinge of a box or a door = Hinge joint Not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule = Pivot joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statements with the correct type of joint:

    <p>Characterized by little to no mobility and is mostly composed of fibrous joints = Fibrous joint Joint faces are oval and move in transverse and sagittal axes = Ellipsoidal joint Joined by cartilage and has primary and secondary subtypes = Cartilaginous joint Moves in a restricted rotational motion around the vertical axis = Trochoid joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Fibrous joint = Type of joint with little to no mobility and mostly composed of fibrous joints Ellipsoidal joint = Type of joint with joint faces that are oval and moves in transverse and sagittal axes Cartilaginous joint = Type of joint joined by cartilage and has primary and secondary subtypes Trochoid joint = Type of joint that moves in a restricted rotational motion around the vertical axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Ball and socket joint = Type of joint that has convex joint face in the form of a sphere and a concave joint face in the form of a pit Saddle joint = Type of joint that has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction Hinge joint = Type of joint that is characterized by a backward-forward swing movement, similar to the hinge of a box or a door Pivot joint = Type of joint that is not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statements with the correct type of joint:

    <p>Characterized by little to no mobility and is mostly composed of fibrous joints = Fibrous joint Joint faces are oval and move in transverse and sagittal axes = Ellipsoidal joint Joined by cartilage and has primary and secondary subtypes = Cartilaginous joint Moves in a restricted rotational motion around the vertical axis = Trochoid joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Fibrous joint = Type of joint with little to no mobility and mostly composed of fibrous joints Ellipsoidal joint = Type of joint with joint faces that are oval and moves in transverse and sagittal axes Cartilaginous joint = Type of joint joined by cartilage and has primary and secondary subtypes Trochoid joint = Type of joint that moves in a restricted rotational motion around the vertical axis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Ball and socket joint = Type of joint that has convex joint face in the form of a sphere and a concave joint face in the form of a pit Saddle joint = Type of joint that has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction Hinge joint = Type of joint that is characterized by a backward-forward swing movement, similar to the hinge of a box or a door Pivot joint = Type of joint that is not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following statements with the correct type of joint:

    <p>Has convex joint face in the form of a sphere and a concave joint face in the form of a pit = Ball and socket joint Has both joint faces concave in one direction and convex in the other direction = Saddle joint Characterized by a backward-forward swing movement, similar to the hinge of a box or a door = Hinge joint Not directly joined, but the bones share a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule = Pivot joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following terms with their correct definitions:

    <p>Arthrology = The study of joints Syndesmology = The study of ligaments Arthron = The Greek term for joints Arthro- = The prefix that refers to joints</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their descriptions:

    <p>Ginglymus or Hinge Joint = Moves on the transverse axis, like the elbow Plane Joint = One of the joint faces is straight, and there is no specific axis Pivot Joint or Articulatio trochoidea = Has an axis extending in the vertical direction and makes a rotational movement Ellipsoidal Joint = Joint faces are oval and it moves in transverse and sagittal axes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their examples:

    <p>Saddle Joint or Articulatio sellaris = Calcaneocuboid joint, Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Ball-and-Socket Joint or Spheroidal Joint = Shoulder joint, Hip joint Bicondylar Joint = Knee joint, Temporomandibular joint Plane Joint = Joints that do not have a definite axis, only sliding movements can be made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following functional classifications of joints with their descriptions:

    <p>Uniaxial (monoaxialuniaxial) joints = The axis is either transverse or vertical, allowing for flexion and extension movements or rotation Biaxial joints = One axis is transverse and the other is sagittal, allowing for flexion-extension movements and abduction-adduction movements Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints = There are three main axes in the joint: transverse, sagittal and vertical, allowing for flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation and circumduction movements Joints that do not have a definite axis = Here the joint faces are straight, and only sliding movements can be made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their examples:

    <p>Uniaxial (monoaxialuniaxial) joints = The Elbow - Humero-ulnar joint Biaxial joints = The Hand - Metacarpophalangeal joints - Proximal interphalangeal joints - Distal interphalangeal joints Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints = The Foot, The Knee, The Ankle Joints that do not have a definite axis = Intercarpal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their descriptions:

    <p>Ginglymus or Hinge Joint = Moves on the transverse axis, like the elbow Plane Joint = One of the joint faces is straight, and there is no specific axis Pivot Joint or Articulatio trochoidea = Has an axis extending in the vertical direction and makes a rotational movement Ellipsoidal Joint = Joint faces are oval and it moves in transverse and sagittal axes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their examples:

    <p>Saddle Joint or Articulatio sellaris = Calcaneocuboid joint, Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Ball-and-Socket Joint or Spheroidal Joint = Shoulder joint, Hip joint Bicondylar Joint = Knee joint, Temporomandibular joint Plane Joint = Joints that do not have a definite axis, only sliding movements can be made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following functional classifications of joints with their descriptions:

    <p>Uniaxial (monoaxialuniaxial) joints = The axis is either transverse or vertical, allowing for flexion and extension movements or rotation Biaxial joints = One axis is transverse and the other is sagittal, allowing for flexion-extension movements and abduction-adduction movements Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints = There are three main axes in the joint: transverse, sagittal and vertical, allowing for flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation and circumduction movements Joints that do not have a definite axis = Here the joint faces are straight, and only sliding movements can be made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their examples:

    <p>Uniaxial (monoaxialuniaxial) joints = The Elbow - Humero-ulnar joint Biaxial joints = The Hand - Metacarpophalangeal joints - Proximal interphalangeal joints - Distal interphalangeal joints Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints = The Foot, The Knee, The Ankle Joints that do not have a definite axis = Intercarpal joint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their descriptions:

    <p>Ginglymus or Hinge Joint = Moves on the transverse axis, like the elbow Plane Joint = One of the joint faces is straight, and there is no specific axis Pivot Joint or Articulatio trochoidea = Has an axis extending in the vertical direction and makes a rotational movement Ellipsoidal Joint = Joint faces are oval and it moves in transverse and sagittal axes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following types of joints with their examples:

    <p>Saddle Joint or Articulatio sellaris = Calcaneocuboid joint, Carpometacarpal joint of the thumb Ball-and-Socket Joint or Spheroidal Joint = Shoulder joint, Hip joint Bicondylar Joint = Knee joint, Temporomandibular joint Plane Joint = Joints that do not have a definite axis, only sliding movements can be made</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arthrology is the study of bones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Syndesmology is the study of ligaments.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arthrology is a branch of anatomy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    There are a total of 34 lecture slides on arthrology.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    These lecture slides can be used as references.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arthro- is a prefix that refers to ligaments.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synovial joints allow for more movement between bones than fibrous joints.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix 'arthro-' in arthrology comes from the Greek word for joints.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arthrology is the study of joints and ligaments.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of ligaments is called syndesmology.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibrous joints are joined with dense fibrous connective tissue.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synovial joints are directly joined, with the bones sharing a synovial cavity.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synarthrosis joints have slight mobility.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amphiarthrosis joints have little to no mobility.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diarthrosis joints are freely movable.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Gomphosis joints are characterized by a peg fitting into a socket.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Symphysis joints are composed of fibrocartilage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hinge joints allow for backward-forward swing movement.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synovial joints have joint faces individually covered with fibrocartilage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The elbow joint is an example of a ginglymus or hinge joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The foot joint is an example of a plane joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The proximal-distal radioulnar joint is an example of a pivot joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The metacarpophalangeal joint is an example of an ellipsoidal joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The calcaneocuboid joint is an example of a saddle joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The shoulder joint is an example of a ball-and-socket joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The knee joint is an example of a bicondylar joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Biaxial joints allow for flexion-extension movements in the transverse axis and abduction-adduction movements in the sagittal axis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Multiaxial or polyaxial joints allow for flexion-extension, abduction-adduction, rotation, and circumduction movements.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Joints that do not have a definite axis only allow sliding movements.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arthrology is the study of bones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synovial joints are directly joined, with the bones sharing a synovial cavity.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cartilaginous joints are connected entirely by cartilage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synarthrosis joints have slight mobility.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The study of ligaments is called syndesmology.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Diarthrosis joints are freely movable.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amphiarthrosis joints have little to no mobility.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Symphysis joints are composed of fibrocartilage.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix 'arthro-' in arthrology refers to muscles.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The prefix 'arthro-' in arthrology refers to joints.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Fibrous joints are joined with dense fibrous connective tissue.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synovial joints are directly joined, with the bones sharing a synovial cavity closed with an articular capsule.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cartilaginous joints allow more movement between bones than fibrous joints.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The joint cavity is filled with synovial fluid secreted from the synovial membrane.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Articular cartilage acts as a buffer and reduces the reflection of impacts to the bone.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Articular ligaments connect the bones that make up the joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in the body's joints.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The hinge joint is a modified sellar joint that allows for backward-forward swing movement.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Arthrology is the study of joints.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The elbow joint is an example of a ginglymus or hinge joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The calcaneocuboid joint is an example of a saddle joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The metacarpophalangeal joint is an example of an ellipsoidal joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Synovial joints have joint faces individually covered with fibrocartilage.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Arthrology is a branch of anatomy.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Arthrology is the study of joints and ligaments.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The proximal-distal radioulnar joint is an example of a pivot joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The prefix 'arthro-' in arthrology comes from the Greek word for joints.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: Arthrology is the study of bones.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    True or false: The elbow joint is an example of a ginglymus or hinge joint.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Arthrology and Syndesmology

    • Arthrology is the study of joints
    • Syndesmology is the study of ligaments

    Classification of Joints

    • Structural Classification (binding tissue)
      • 3 groups of joints based on their structure:
        • Fibrous joints: joined with dense fibrous connective tissue (e.g. cranial sutures, distal tibiofibular and cuboideonavicular joints)
        • Cartilaginous joints: joined by cartilage (e.g. costochondral joints)
        • Synovial joints: not directly joined, bones share a synovial cavity (e.g. sternoclavicular, shoulder, elbow, hip, knee, radiocarpal, proximal tibiofibular joints)
    • Functional Classification (movement)
      • 3 groups of joints based on their movement or function:
        • Synarthrosis: little/no mobility (mostly fibrous joints)
        • Amphiarthrosis: slight mobility (mostly cartilaginous joints)
        • Diarthrosis: freely movable (synovial joints)

    Fibrous Joints

    • Types of Fibrous Joints
      • Sutures (e.g. plane suture, serrate suture, squamous suture, denticulate suture, schindylesis)
      • Syndesmosis (e.g. inferior tibiofibular joint)
      • Gomphosis (a peg fits into a socket)

    Cartilaginous Joints

    • Types of Cartilaginous Joints
      • Synchondrosis (primary cartilaginous, e.g. between the diaphysis and epiphysis of long bone)
      • Symphysis (secondary cartilaginous, e.g. symphysis pubis)

    Synovial Joints

    • Structures Required for Synovial Joints
      • Joint cavity
      • Articular cartilage
      • Articular capsule
      • Articular ligaments
    • Bursae: small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between moving parts in joints

    Classification of Synovial Joints

    • Hinge Joint or Ginglymus
      • Moves on the transverse axis
      • Examples: humero-ulnar joint, elbow, hand, foot, knee, ankle
    • Plane Joint
      • One joint face is straight, slightly concave or convex, and the other face is shaped to match it
      • Only limited sliding movements can be made
      • Examples: intercarpal joint
    • Pivot Joint or Articulatio Trochoidea
      • Has an axis extending in the vertical direction
      • Makes a rotational movement
      • Examples: proximal-distal radioulnar joint, atlantoaxial median joint
    • Ellipsoid Joint or Condyloid Joint
      • Joint faces are oval
      • Moves in transverse and sagittal axes
      • Examples: metacarpophalangeal joint, atlantooccipital joint, radiocarpal joint
    • Saddle Joint or Articulatio Sellaris
      • Both joint faces are concave in one direction and convex in the other direction
      • Has sagittal and transverse axes
      • Examples: calcaneocuboid joint, carpometacarpal joint of the thumb
    • Ball-and-Socket Joint or Spheroidal Joint (enarthrosis)
      • Moves in 3 main axes: vertical, sagittal, and transverse
      • Examples: shoulder joint, hip joint
    • Bicondylar Joint
      • The convex joint face is in the form of 2 condyles, and the concave joint face is in the form of a slightly hollow
      • Movement occurs in the transverse axis
      • Examples: knee joint, temporomandibular joint

    Functional Classification of Joints (Axes)

    • Uniaxial (Monoaxial) Joints
      • Axis is either transverse or vertical
      • Examples: ginglymus, trochoid group joints
    • Biaxial Joints
      • One axis is transverse and the other is sagittal
      • Examples: ellipsoid, sellar group joints
    • Multiaxial or Polyaxial Joints
      • Three main axes: transverse, sagittal, and vertical
      • Examples: spheroidal joint
    • Joints that do not have a Definite Axis
      • Joint faces are straight
      • Only sliding movements can be made
      • Examples: plane joint

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    7-INTORDUCTION TO ARTHROLOGY (1).pptx

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    Test your knowledge of arthrology with this quiz! This quiz covers the basic concepts and terminology related to the study of joints in the human body. Challenge yourself and see how much you know about the anatomy of joints.

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