Artesian Wells and Confined Aquifers
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Questions and Answers

What primarily causes the rises and falls of water in artesian wells?

  • Changes in well depth
  • Changes in water table elevation
  • Changes in storage volume
  • Changes in pressure (correct)

What does the piezometric surface of a confined aquifer coincide with?

  • Storage volume of the water
  • Hydrostatic pressure level of the water (correct)
  • Well depth
  • Water table elevation

How is a confined aquifer defined operationally?

  • By determining water table elevation
  • By monitoring well depth
  • By measuring storage volume
  • By drilling (correct)

When does a flowing well result in a confined aquifer?

<p>When the piezometric surface lies above the ground surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to a confined aquifer when the piezometric surface falls below the confining bed?

<p>It becomes an unconfined aquifer (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What defines the elevation of the piezometric surface in a well penetrating a confined aquifer?

<p>Water level in the well (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a confined aquifer, what causes flow according to the text?

<p>Difference in hydraulic head causing a gradient (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What condition is necessary for groundwater flow in an unconfined aquifer?

<p>Difference in groundwater elevation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the water rise to in a confined aquifer according to the text?

<p>Piezometric surface (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the impermeable layer in a confined aquifer?

<p>Prevents water from flowing out the top (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which type of aquifer does the hydraulic head need to create a gradient for flow?

<p>Confined aquifer with equal hydraulic head (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes groundwater flow in an unconfined aquifer under flow conditions?

<p>Difference in water table elevation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason water in a well penetrating an artesian aquifer may rise above the land surface?

<p>The presence of a confining layer above and below the aquifer (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes the water level or piezometric head in a confined aquifer to be above the top of the aquifer?

<p>The presence of alternating layers of low and high-permeability units (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What creates an additional component of pressure head in confined aquifers that causes water in a well to rise above the point of saturation?

<p>The difference in elevation between the recharge area and the completion point of the well (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to layers that overlay the low-permeability units in a confined aquifer?

<p>Confining layers (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In a confined aquifer, what is generally true about the water pressure compared to atmospheric pressure?

<p>It is higher than atmospheric pressure (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term used for wells tapping a confined aquifer where water rises above the land surface without pumping?

<p>Free-flowing wells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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