39 Questions
Which class of medications used to reduce lipid levels may require close monitoring in patients receiving long-term therapy?
Bile acid sequestrants
What is a major risk factor for the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Hypertension
What is recommended for the elimination of all controllable risk factors, particularly nicotine use?
Strongly recommended
Which surgical procedures provide blood supply from the aorta into the femoral artery?
Inflow procedures
What do endovascular therapies involve?
Puncture or small incision to repair blood vessels
What is a symptom of generalized atherosclerosis and may be a marker of atherosclerosis in other arterial territories?
Intermittent claudication
What does the American Heart Association recommend to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Reducing fat intake, substituting unsaturated fats for saturated fats, and decreasing cholesterol intake
What type of medications are used to reduce blood lipid levels as part of disease prevention efforts?
Statins
According to the ACC/AHA guidelines, what is recommended as first-line therapy in patients with PAD for secondary prevention and cardiovascular risk reduction?
Statins
Which enzyme do HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors (statins) target?
$3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase$
What type of diet modification is recommended for disease prevention efforts?
$Reducing fat intake, substituting unsaturated fats for saturated fats, and decreasing cholesterol intake$
What is a common medication that may be used as a supplement to dietary modification and exercise to reduce blood lipid levels?
$Atorvastatin$
What does intermittent claudication indicate?
$Atherosclerosis in other arterial territories$
What is a symptom of generalized atherosclerosis?
$Intermittent claudication$
What does the suspicion that a high-fat diet contributes to atherosclerosis lead to?
$Measuring serum cholesterol and beginning disease prevention efforts that include diet modification$
What is the primary purpose of measuring serum cholesterol and beginning disease prevention efforts that include diet modification?
To reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease
Which type of fats does the American Heart Association recommend to substitute for saturated fats to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?
Monounsaturated fats
What are the first-line therapy medications recommended by the ACC/AHA in patients with PAD for secondary prevention and cardiovascular risk reduction?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins)
What is a major risk factor for the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Diabetes
What do endovascular therapies involve?
Insertion of a stent to keep the artery open
What is recommended by the American Heart Association to reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease?
$\frac{1}{2}$ hour of daily vigorous exercise
What does intermittent claudication indicate?
Reduced blood flow during exercise
Which surgical procedures provide blood supply from the aorta into the femoral artery?
Aortoiliac and aortofemoral bypass grafting
What type of diet modification is recommended for disease prevention efforts?
Reducing cholesterol intake
What is a symptom of generalized atherosclerosis and may be a marker of atherosclerosis in other arterial territories?
Intermittent claudication
What does the suspicion that a high-fat diet contributes to atherosclerosis lead to?
Measurement of serum cholesterol and disease prevention efforts that include diet modification
Which class of medications used to reduce lipid levels may require close monitoring in patients receiving long-term therapy?
3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase inhibitors (statins)
What is the primary aim of management of atherosclerosis?
To improve circulation and functional capacity
What is the main purpose of inflow surgical procedures for atherosclerosis?
To improve blood supply from the aorta into the femoral artery
What is the purpose of endovascular therapies in managing atherosclerosis?
To insert stents in affected blood vessels
What does percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) involve?
Improving blood supply from the aorta into the femoral artery
What is the purpose of atherectomy in managing atherosclerosis?
To reduce plaque buildup within an artery using a cutting device or laser
What is the advantage of angioplasty, atherectomy, stents, and stent grafts in managing atherosclerosis?
Decreased length of hospital stay
What is a potential complication of percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) and atherectomy?
Hematoma formation
What are stents used for in managing atherosclerosis?
Prevent collapse of the walls of the artery immediately after balloon deflation
What is the primary risk factor for the development of peripheral artery disease (PAD)?
Hypertension
What is recommended to reduce the risk of atherosclerosis and cardiovascular disease?
Elimination of all controllable risk factors, particularly nicotine use
What is recommended for patients receiving long-term therapy with medications to reduce lipid levels?
Close monitoring
What is the major aim of modifying risk factors in managing atherosclerosis?
To eliminate all controllable risk factors
Test your knowledge on arteriosclerosis and atherosclerosis prevention, including symptoms, risk factors, and disease prevention efforts such as diet modification. This quiz covers topics like intermittent claudication and the role of high-fat diet in contributing to atherosclerosis.
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