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Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis Overview

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Arteriosclerosis and Atherosclerosis Overview

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following statements about aortic valve stenosis is incorrect?

Surgical treatment involves replacing the valve with a mechanical, animal, or tissue-engineered valve.

It causes the heart to work harder to pump blood through the narrowed valve, leading to hypertrophy.

Animal valves used in replacements are typically from pigs or cows.

Patients with mechanical valves do not need to take anticoagulants like warfarin. (correct)

In Tetralogy of Fallot, which of the following defects directly contributes to the right-to-left shunting of blood through the ventricular septal defect (VSD)?

Pulmonary valve stenosis

Right ventricular hypertrophy

Dextroposition of the aorta

All of the above contribute to the right-to-left shunt (correct)

Which of the following statements about hypertension (high blood pressure) is incorrect?

African Americans tend to have a higher prevalence of hypertension and an earlier onset.

Malignant or resistant hypertension is considered a medical emergency.

It affects approximately one in three adults in the United States.

Women have a higher prevalence of hypertension than men at all ages. (correct)

What is the primary treatment approach for hypertension?

Lifestyle changes, such as a low-salt diet, weight reduction, and exercise Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the classification of hypertension is correct?

Malignant or resistant hypertension is characterized by extremely high blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers

In Tetralogy of Fallot, which of the following defects directly contributes to the cyanosis (bluish discoloration) observed in affected infants?

The right-to-left shunting of unoxygenated blood into the systemic circulation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the surgical treatment of Tetralogy of Fallot is incorrect?

It typically involves closing the ventricular septal defect (VSD). Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about aortic valve stenosis is correct?

Minimally invasive aortic valve surgery with smaller incisions is now possible in many cases. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the signs and symptoms of hypertension is correct?

Hypertension is often called the 'silent killer' due to its insidious onset and mild early signs. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about the classification of hypertension is incorrect?

Malignant or resistant hypertension is characterized by extremely low blood pressure. Signup and view all the answers