Arterial Supply of the Heart Quiz
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Arterial Supply of the Heart Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which nerve types are responsible for increasing heart rate and dilating coronary arteries?

  • Sympathetic nerves (correct)
  • Inhibitory nerves
  • Vagal nerves
  • Parasympathetic nerves

    • Which structure is NOT a part of the superficial cardiac plexus?

  • Left vagus nerve
  • Branches from thoracic ganglia (correct)
  • Inferior cervical cardiac branch
  • Superior cervical cardiac branch

    • Where is the deep cardiac plexus located?

  • Behind the bifurcation of trachea (correct)
  • In the right atrium
  • Within the myocardium
  • Above the arch of aorta

    • Which of the following statements about parasympathetic nerves is correct?

    <p>They are derived from the vagus nerve.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which nerve is specifically excluded from forming the deep cardiac plexus?

    <p>Inferior cervical cardiac branch of the left vagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the right coronary artery?

    <p>It arises from the anterior aortic sinus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does the right coronary artery run between as it courses towards the coronary sulcus?

    <p>The right auricle and pulmonary trunk.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the right coronary artery terminate?

    <p>In the posterior part of the coronary sulcus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of connective tissue covers the coronary arteries on the heart's surface?

    <p>Subepicardial connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major blood vessel do the right and left coronary arteries arise from?

    <p>Ascending aorta.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the heart does the right coronary artery wind around?

    <p>The right margin of the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the coronary arteries in the human body?

    <p>They deliver oxygenated blood to the heart muscle.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the right coronary artery primarily course through the heart?

    <p>Between the right auricle and pulmonary trunk, then to the coronary sulcus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area does the right coronary artery primarily supply?

    <p>Right ventricle and part of the left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which branch of the right coronary artery supplies the SA node?

    <p>Atrial branches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the origin of the left coronary artery?

    <p>Ascending aorta</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery runs along the inferior margin of the heart?

    <p>Right marginal artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What area is sparsely supplied by the right coronary artery?

    <p>Anterior part of the left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following branches does NOT belong to the right coronary artery?

    <p>Left circumflex artery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is primarily supplied by the right coronary artery?

    <p>Atrioventricular node</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What path does the left coronary artery take after originating from the ascending aorta?

    <p>Travels between the left auricle and pulmonary trunk</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which artery is responsible for supplying the lower part of the pulmonary trunk?

    <p>Right conus branch</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary consequence of a myocardial infarction?

    <p>Necrosis of cardiac muscle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which procedure employs a balloon to widen a narrowed coronary artery?

    <p>Coronary angioplasty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a coronary stent in the management of coronary artery disease?

    <p>To maintain blood flow by expanding against the artery wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), which vein is commonly used as an autologous graft?

    <p>Great saphenous vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure is responsible for the venous drainage of the heart?

    <p>Coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of coronary intervention involves using a tubular device with slots?

    <p>Coronary stenting</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which arteries can be used as a graft in CABG besides the saphenous vein?

    <p>Internal thoracic and radial arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During coronary angioplasty, what is the primary purpose of the wire passed into the coronary artery?

    <p>To cross the stenosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical length of the coronary sinus?

    <p>3 cm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which is NOT a component of venous drainage from the heart?

    <p>Pulmonary arteries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein runs in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus between the left atrium and left ventricle?

    <p>Coronary sinus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What structure guards the opening of the coronary sinus into the right atrium?

    <p>Thebasian valve</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following veins is situated in the anterior interventricular groove?

    <p>Great cardiac vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does the small cardiac vein primarily drain?

    <p>Right atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which structure does the posterior vein of the left ventricle primarily accompany?

    <p>Left ventricle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein is located in the posterior interventricular groove?

    <p>Middle cardiac vein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many anterior cardiac veins typically are present in the right ventricle area?

    <p>3 to 4 veins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which vein runs along the posterior surface of the left atrium?

    <p>Oblique vein of left atrium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of veins are the Thebasian veins?

    <p>Small veins in the myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the tributaries of the coronary sinus?

    <p>Collect deoxygenated blood from the myocardium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Arterial Supply of the Heart

    • The heart's arterial supply comes from the right and left coronary arteries, originating from the ascending aorta above the aortic valve.
    • These arteries and their branches are located in the subepicardial connective tissue, covering the heart's surface.

    Right Coronary Artery

    • Originates from the anterior aortic (right coronary) sinus.
    • Runs between the right auricle and the pulmonary trunk, enters the anterior part of the coronary sulcus.
    • Winds around the right heart margin before running leftward in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus.
    • Terminates by anastomosing with the left coronary artery's circumflex branch in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus.

    Right Coronary Artery Branches

    • Right conus branch: Supplies the lower part of the pulmonary trunk and upper part of the right ventricle.
    • Atrial branches: Supply the right atrium, one branch supplying the SA node (artery of SA node).
    • Ventricular branches: Supply the right ventricle.
    • Right marginal artery: A ventricular branch, runs along the heart's inferior margin.
    • Posterior inter-ventricular branch (posterior descending): Runs in the posterior inter-ventricular groove.

    Right Coronary Artery Area of Distribution

    • Right atrium.
    • Right ventricle, except for a part on the sternocostal surface near the anterior inter-ventricular groove.
    • Part of the left ventricle on the inferior surface near the posterior inter-ventricular groove.
    • Posterior part of the inter-ventricular septum.
    • Most of the heart's conducting system (SA node, AV node, right AV bundle) except the left AV bundle.

    Left Coronary Artery

    • Originates from the ascending aorta, in the left posterior aortic sinus.
    • Runs between the left auricle and the pulmonary trunk, reaching the coronary sulcus's anterior part.
    • Terminates by dividing into two branches.

    Coronary Disease Management

    • Treatments for coronary artery disease include:
      • Coronary angioplasty: A catheter is inserted into the femoral artery in the thigh, passed through the iliac arteries, and into the aorta to reach the coronary artery origins. A thin wire passes through the stenosis. A balloon is then inflated at the obstruction, widening it.
      • Coronary stent: A stainless steel tube with slots, it is mounted on a balloon catheter in a collapsed state. When the balloon inflates, the stent expands and pushes against the coronary artery wall, maintaining blood flow.
      • Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG): Used when coronary artery disease is severe and cannot be treated with angioplasty. The great saphenous vein in the lower limb is harvested and used as an autologous graft to bypass the blocked portion of the coronary arteries. Internal thoracic or radial arteries can also be used for this purpose.

    Venous Drainage of the Heart

    • Venous blood from the heart is drained by:
      • Coronary sinus and its tributaries.
      • Anterior cardiac veins.
      • Thebesian veins (venae cordis minimi).

    Coronary Sinus

    • The largest vein in the heart, about 3 cm long.
    • Formed by the union of the great cardiac vein and the oblique vein of the left atrium.
    • Lies in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus between the left atrium and left ventricle.
    • Terminates by opening into the smooth part of the right atrium.
    • The opening is guarded by the valve of the coronary sinus (Thebasian valve).

    Coronary Sinus Tributaries:

    • Great cardiac vein: Situated in the anterior interventricular groove and anterior part of the coronary sulcus.
    • Small cardiac vein: Situated in the posterior part of the coronary sulcus between the right atrium and right ventricle.
    • Middle cardiac vein: Situated in the posterior inter-ventricular groove.
    • Posterior vein of the left ventricle: Situated on the left ventricle's diaphragmatic surface.
    • Oblique vein of the left atrium (of Marshall): Situated on the left atrium's posterior surface.

    Venous Drainage (continued)

    • Anterior cardiac veins: 3-4 veins located on the right ventricle's sternocostal surface. They open into the right atrium.
    • Thebesian veins (venae cordis minimae): Small veins found in the myocardium of all chambers. They open into all chambers.

    Nerve Supply of the Heart

    • The heart is supplied by nerves from the superficial and deep cardiac plexuses.
    • These nerves run along the coronary arteries and supply the heart.
    • They contain both sympathetic and parasympathetic nerves.

    Sympathetic Nerves

    • Derived from the upper 4-5 thoracic segments (T1-T4) of the spinal cord.
    • Cardio-acceleratory: Increase heart rate and dilate coronary arteries upon stimulation.

    Parasympathetic Nerves

    • Derived from the vagus (X) nerve, originating from the dorsal nucleus of the vagus (medulla oblongata).
    • Cardio-inhibitory: Slow down heart rate and constrict coronary arteries upon stimulation.

    Superficial Cardiac Plexus

    • Located below the aortic arch.
    • Formed by:
      • Sympathetic: Superior cervical cardiac branch of the left sympathetic chain.
      • Parasympathetic: Inferior cervical cardiac branch of the left vagus nerve.

    Deep Cardiac Plexus

    • Located in front of the tracheal bifurcation and behind the aortic arch.
    • Formed by:
      • Sympathetic: Cardiac branches from cervical and upper thoracic sympathetic chain ganglia, except for the left superior cervical sympathetic ganglia's cardiac branch.
      • Parasympathetic: Cardiac branches of the vagus and recurrent laryngeal nerves, except for the left vagus nerve's inferior cervical cardiac branch.

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    L19 - Cardiovascular System PDF

    Description

    Test your knowledge on the arterial supply of the heart, focusing on the right and left coronary arteries and their branches. This quiz covers the anatomy and function of these vital arteries, including their origins and areas supplied. Perfect for medical students and anyone looking to enhance their understanding of cardiovascular anatomy.

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