Arterial Blood Gases (ABGs) Monitoring Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Low pH (acidosis) with a raised PaCO2 indicates ______ acidosis.

respiratory

The kidneys produce ______.

bicarbonate

In an acute episode of respiratory acidosis, bicarbonate cannot be produced fast enough to compensate for the rising ______.

carbon dioxide

Raised bicarbonate indicates that the patient chronically retains ______.

<p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

Respiratory alkalosis occurs when a patient has a raised respiratory rate and 'blows off' too much ______.

<p>CO2</p> Signup and view all the answers

In metabolic acidosis, there is a: Low pH Low ______

<p>bicarbonate</p> Signup and view all the answers

Arterial blood gases (ABGs) are commonly used to monitor acute respiratory conditions, especially where there is a risk of type 2 respiratory failure (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). ABGs give helpful information about the acid-base balance, blood gases (O2 and CO2 in the blood), bicarbonate, lactate, haemoglobin and electrolytes. Normal Values pH 7.35 – 7.45 PaO2 (oxygen in the blood) 10.7 – 13.3 kPa PaCO2 (carbon dioxide in the blood) 4.7 – 6.0 kPa HCO3 (bicarbonate) 22 – 26 mmol/L Base excess -2 – +2 Lactate 0.5 – 1 mmol/L Respiratory Failure PaO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood. A low PaO2 indicates ______.

<p>hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

FiO2 is the fraction of inhaled oxygen. Room air has an FiO2 of 21%, meaning the oxygen concentration in room air is 21%. Venturi masks can be used to control the FiO2. Other masks only give an approximate FiO2. A low PaO2 indicates ______ and respiratory failure.

<p>hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

It is important to distinguish the type of respiratory failure: Normal PaCO2 with low PaO2 indicates type 1 respiratory failure (only one is affected). Raised PaCO2 with low PaO2 indicates type 2 respiratory failure (two are affected). Acid-Base Balance pH Under 7.35 Acidosis 7.35 – 7.45 Normal Above 7.45 Alkalosis Where there is acidosis or alkalosis, you need to determine whether the cause is ______ or metabolic.

<p>respiratory</p> Signup and view all the answers

Respiratory Acidosis Remember that carbon dioxide (CO2) makes blood acidotic by breaking down into carbonic acid (H2CO3). In respiratory acidosis, the lungs are unable to remove enough ______ from the body, leading to a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood and lowering the pH.

<p>carbon dioxide</p> Signup and view all the answers

Normal Values pH 7.35 – 7.45 PaO2 (oxygen in the blood) 10.7 – 13.3 kPa PaCO2 (carbon dioxide in the blood) 4.7 – 6.0 kPa HCO3 (bicarbonate) 22 – 26 mmol/L Base excess -2 – +2 Lactate 0.5 – 1 mmol/L Respiratory Failure PaO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood. A low PaO2 indicates ______.

<p>hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

Venturi masks can be used to control the FiO2. Other masks only give an approximate FiO2. A low PaO2 indicates ______ and respiratory failure.

<p>hypoxia</p> Signup and view all the answers

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