Podcast
Questions and Answers
Low pH (acidosis) with a raised PaCO2 indicates ______ acidosis.
Low pH (acidosis) with a raised PaCO2 indicates ______ acidosis.
respiratory
The kidneys produce ______.
The kidneys produce ______.
bicarbonate
In an acute episode of respiratory acidosis, bicarbonate cannot be produced fast enough to compensate for the rising ______.
In an acute episode of respiratory acidosis, bicarbonate cannot be produced fast enough to compensate for the rising ______.
carbon dioxide
Raised bicarbonate indicates that the patient chronically retains ______.
Raised bicarbonate indicates that the patient chronically retains ______.
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Respiratory alkalosis occurs when a patient has a raised respiratory rate and 'blows off' too much ______.
Respiratory alkalosis occurs when a patient has a raised respiratory rate and 'blows off' too much ______.
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In metabolic acidosis, there is a: Low pH Low ______
In metabolic acidosis, there is a: Low pH Low ______
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Arterial blood gases (ABGs) are commonly used to monitor acute respiratory conditions, especially where there is a risk of type 2 respiratory failure (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). ABGs give helpful information about the acid-base balance, blood gases (O2 and CO2 in the blood), bicarbonate, lactate, haemoglobin and electrolytes. Normal Values pH 7.35 – 7.45 PaO2 (oxygen in the blood) 10.7 – 13.3 kPa PaCO2 (carbon dioxide in the blood) 4.7 – 6.0 kPa HCO3 (bicarbonate) 22 – 26 mmol/L Base excess -2 – +2 Lactate 0.5 – 1 mmol/L Respiratory Failure PaO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood. A low PaO2 indicates ______.
Arterial blood gases (ABGs) are commonly used to monitor acute respiratory conditions, especially where there is a risk of type 2 respiratory failure (e.g., chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). ABGs give helpful information about the acid-base balance, blood gases (O2 and CO2 in the blood), bicarbonate, lactate, haemoglobin and electrolytes. Normal Values pH 7.35 – 7.45 PaO2 (oxygen in the blood) 10.7 – 13.3 kPa PaCO2 (carbon dioxide in the blood) 4.7 – 6.0 kPa HCO3 (bicarbonate) 22 – 26 mmol/L Base excess -2 – +2 Lactate 0.5 – 1 mmol/L Respiratory Failure PaO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood. A low PaO2 indicates ______.
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FiO2 is the fraction of inhaled oxygen. Room air has an FiO2 of 21%, meaning the oxygen concentration in room air is 21%. Venturi masks can be used to control the FiO2. Other masks only give an approximate FiO2. A low PaO2 indicates ______ and respiratory failure.
FiO2 is the fraction of inhaled oxygen. Room air has an FiO2 of 21%, meaning the oxygen concentration in room air is 21%. Venturi masks can be used to control the FiO2. Other masks only give an approximate FiO2. A low PaO2 indicates ______ and respiratory failure.
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It is important to distinguish the type of respiratory failure: Normal PaCO2 with low PaO2 indicates type 1 respiratory failure (only one is affected). Raised PaCO2 with low PaO2 indicates type 2 respiratory failure (two are affected). Acid-Base Balance pH Under 7.35 Acidosis 7.35 – 7.45 Normal Above 7.45 Alkalosis Where there is acidosis or alkalosis, you need to determine whether the cause is ______ or metabolic.
It is important to distinguish the type of respiratory failure: Normal PaCO2 with low PaO2 indicates type 1 respiratory failure (only one is affected). Raised PaCO2 with low PaO2 indicates type 2 respiratory failure (two are affected). Acid-Base Balance pH Under 7.35 Acidosis 7.35 – 7.45 Normal Above 7.45 Alkalosis Where there is acidosis or alkalosis, you need to determine whether the cause is ______ or metabolic.
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Respiratory Acidosis Remember that carbon dioxide (CO2) makes blood acidotic by breaking down into carbonic acid (H2CO3). In respiratory acidosis, the lungs are unable to remove enough ______ from the body, leading to a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood and lowering the pH.
Respiratory Acidosis Remember that carbon dioxide (CO2) makes blood acidotic by breaking down into carbonic acid (H2CO3). In respiratory acidosis, the lungs are unable to remove enough ______ from the body, leading to a buildup of carbon dioxide in the blood and lowering the pH.
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Normal Values pH 7.35 – 7.45 PaO2 (oxygen in the blood) 10.7 – 13.3 kPa PaCO2 (carbon dioxide in the blood) 4.7 – 6.0 kPa HCO3 (bicarbonate) 22 – 26 mmol/L Base excess -2 – +2 Lactate 0.5 – 1 mmol/L Respiratory Failure PaO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood. A low PaO2 indicates ______.
Normal Values pH 7.35 – 7.45 PaO2 (oxygen in the blood) 10.7 – 13.3 kPa PaCO2 (carbon dioxide in the blood) 4.7 – 6.0 kPa HCO3 (bicarbonate) 22 – 26 mmol/L Base excess -2 – +2 Lactate 0.5 – 1 mmol/L Respiratory Failure PaO2 is the partial pressure of oxygen, the amount of oxygen dissolved in the blood. A low PaO2 indicates ______.
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Venturi masks can be used to control the FiO2. Other masks only give an approximate FiO2. A low PaO2 indicates ______ and respiratory failure.
Venturi masks can be used to control the FiO2. Other masks only give an approximate FiO2. A low PaO2 indicates ______ and respiratory failure.
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