Arterial Blood Gas Components and Buffer Systems

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A patient with a brainstem injury is experiencing respiratory acidosis, what is the underlying cause of this condition?

Respiratory muscle weakness

Hyperventilation

CNS depression (correct)

Pulmonary disease

What is the primary difference between the renal system and the buffer system in terms of acid-base balance?

The renal system is triggered by changes in CO2

The renal system acts faster than the buffer system

The renal system is more sustainable than the buffer system (correct)

The renal system is primarily responsible for absorbing and releasing H+

What is the primary goal of treatment for respiratory acidosis?

Decrease heart rate

Decrease blood pressure

Increase sedation

Increase respiratory rate and depth (correct)

A patient has a pH of 7.28, PaCO2 of 60 mmHg, and HCO3 of 30 mEq/L. What type of acid-base imbalance is this?

Partially compensated metabolic acidosis Signup and view all the answers

A patient with COPD is experiencing respiratory acidosis, what is the most likely cause of this condition?

Pulmonary disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between respiratory acidosis and metabolic acidosis in terms of causes?

Respiratory acidosis is caused by increased CO2, whereas metabolic acidosis is caused by decreased HCO3 Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of treatment for respiratory alkalosis?

Decrease respiratory rate and depth Signup and view all the answers

A patient has a pH of 7.50, PaCO2 of 20 mmHg, and HCO3 of 18 mEq/L. What type of acid-base imbalance is this?

Partially compensated respiratory alkalosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the buffer system in acid-base balance?

To absorb and release H+ Signup and view all the answers

A patient with anxiety is experiencing respiratory alkalosis, what is the underlying cause of this condition?

Hyperventilation Signup and view all the answers

A patient has a pH of 7.42, PaCO2 of 40 mmHg, and HCO3 of 24 mEq/L. What type of acid-base imbalance is this?

No acid-base imbalance Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of PEEP in mechanical ventilation?

To keep the alveoli open Signup and view all the answers

What is the risk of hyperventilation and respiratory alkalosis associated with in mechanical ventilation?

AC Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum FiO2 required for a client on mechanical ventilation?

21% Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the CO2 detector in assessing ETT placement?

To detect the presence of CO2 in the exhaled air Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary difference between SIMV and AC modes of mechanical ventilation?

The type of breaths supported by the ventilator Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of CPAP mode in mechanical ventilation?

Spontaneous breathing Signup and view all the answers

What is a crucial indicator of readiness to wean a patient from mechanical ventilation?

Good CO and minimal secretions Signup and view all the answers

A patient is experiencing unsuccessful weaning from mechanical ventilation. Which of the following is likely to be observed?

Hypopnea Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of T-piece trials in weaning a patient from mechanical ventilation?

To strengthen the patient's respiratory muscles Signup and view all the answers

A patient is receiving mechanical ventilation and has a pH of 7.32, PaCO2 of 50 mmHg, and HCO3 of 22 mEq/L. What is the most appropriate ventilator adjustment?

Increase the ventilator support Signup and view all the answers

What is the ideal Bispectral Index Monitoring range for an awake patient?

80-100 Signup and view all the answers

A patient is receiving mechanical ventilation and is experiencing respiratory acidosis. What is the most appropriate management strategy?

Increase the ventilator support Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary effect of shunt in respiratory failure?

Mixing of deoxygenated blood with oxygenated blood Signup and view all the answers

A patient with respiratory failure is experiencing paradoxical breathing. What is the most likely cause of this?

Late sign of respiratory failure, indicating severe hypoxia Signup and view all the answers

A patient with ARDS is in the proliferative phase. What is the primary characteristic of this phase?

Fibrin matrix formation and progressive hypoxemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of using the lowest O2 concentration possible with a ventilation mask in respiratory failure?

To prevent oxygen toxicity Signup and view all the answers

A patient with respiratory failure is being monitored for ETCO2. What is the primary purpose of this?

To detect changes in CO2 levels and adjust ventilation accordingly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary indication for the use of ECMO in ARDS?

PaO2/FiO2 ratio below 200mmHg with high risk of mortality Signup and view all the answers

A patient with ARDS is in the fibrotic phase. What is the primary characteristic of this phase?

Fibrotic lung tissue and reduced functional residual capacity Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary benefit of proning in the management of ARDS?

Improved oxygenation and reduced ventilation-perfusion mismatch Signup and view all the answers

A patient with respiratory failure is experiencing anxiety and agitation. What is the primary medication used to manage this?

Benzodiazepines to reduce anxiety and agitation Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of VQ scanning in respiratory failure?

To evaluate the patient's ventilation and perfusion mismatch Signup and view all the answers