Art History and Techniques

Study Notes

Juan Luna's mural "Spoliarium" won a gold medal at the 1884 Madrid Exposition of Fine Arts.
"Mosaic" art involves creating images or patterns using tiny pieces of colored glass or other materials.
Alfonso Ossorio is recognized for his "Angry Christ" painting, depicting a crucified Christ showing pain and anger.
Benedicto Cabrera is known for his abstract expressionist works and the "Sabel" series.

The "kulintang" ensemble, a traditional musical form featuring small, horizontally laid gongs, is associated with the Maranao ethnic group.
The "Kundiman" is a popular Filipino love song connected with serenades and expresses deep emotions.
"Itik-Itik" is a Philippine folk dance depicting the courtship behavior of a rooster and a hen, often accompanied by lively bamboo beats.
The Lantoy is a traditional Filipino bamboo flute used in folk music, linked to rural celebrations.

Francisco Santiago is known as the "Father of Filipino Kundiman," composing classics such as "Nasaan Ka Irog" and "Dahil Sa Iyo."
OPM (Original Pilipino Music) blends traditional Filipino elements with modern sounds, often containing socially relevant lyrics.
"Simbang Gabi" refers to traditional Christmas carols sung in Filipino religious music during the holiday season.
The Eraserheads gained international fame in the 1990s with hits like "Light Years" and "Ligaya."

Improvisation in performing arts refers to spontaneous and unscripted performances.
In music, improvisation is the creation of music without prior preparation or a written score.
Jazz is known for its emphasis on improvisation, with musicians often creating solos spontaneously during performances.
Successful improvisation requires flexibility, allowing performers to adapt and respond creatively.

The Renaissance was shaped by artists like Leonardo da Vinci, who pioneered the technique of linear perspective, enhancing realistic space representation.
The Baroque period is characterized by grandeur, drama, and intense emotion in art.
Claude Monet is recognized as the leader of the Impressionist movement, challenging traditional painting techniques with a focus on light and color.
Surrealism emerged in the early 20th century, emphasizing the expression of emotions and subconscious thoughts.

Dadaism, an art movement, challenged the traditional concept of art by presenting everyday objects as art pieces.
Piet Mondrian is known for using geometric shapes and primary colors, significantly contributing to abstract art.
Minimalism emerged in the 1960s, simplifying art to everyday objects and challenging conventional artistic notions.

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