Arms Race in Southeast Asia: Vietnam and Thailand
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Questions and Answers

What percentage of Vietnam's arms imports is represented by aircraft?

  • 12%
  • 41% (correct)
  • 6%
  • 29%
  • Which category of arms imports constitutes the largest share for Thailand?

  • Artillery
  • Armoured vehicles (correct)
  • Missiles
  • Naval Artillery
  • What is the combined percentage of imports for air defence systems and sensors for Vietnam?

  • 10%
  • 7%
  • 6%
  • 9% (correct)
  • Which of the following categories has the smallest percentage in Thailand's arms imports?

    <p>Engines (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Vietnam's arms imports is attributed to missiles?

    <p>3% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which area of military expenditure has seen significant growth in Southeast Asia?

    <p>Comprehensive military capabilities (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does C4ISR stand for in the context of military capabilities?

    <p>Command, control, communication, computers, intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the trend in military acquisitions in Southeast Asia from 2004 to 2022?

    <p>General increase in weapons acquisition (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of military capability is NOT mentioned as increasing in Southeast Asia?

    <p>Cybersecurity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary questions raised regarding Southeast Asia's military developments?

    <p>Is there an arms race occurring? (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of acquisitions in Vietnam from 2004 to 2023 is attributed to the United States?

    <p>1% (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which provider had the highest percentage of acquisitions in Thailand from 2004 to 2023?

    <p>China (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country had the lowest representation in Vietnam acquisitions data between 2004 and 2023?

    <p>Sweden (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the combined percentage of acquisitions attributed to France and Germany in Thailand from 2004 to 2023?

    <p>14% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country had a higher percentage of acquisitions in Vietnam than in Thailand?

    <p>Republic of Korea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of Thailand's total acquisitions from 2004 to 2023 is represented by 'Others'?

    <p>5% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In Vietnam acquisitions, which country had the same percentage representation as Israel?

    <p>Ukraine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country contributed 4% to acquisitions in both Vietnam and Thailand from 2004 to 2023?

    <p>Italy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of government does Thailand have since 1932?

    <p>Constitutional monarchy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country remained neutral and did not participate in overseas conflicts?

    <p>Vietnam (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the SIPRI trend indicator value index (TIV)?

    <p>To assess the size and performance of weapon systems (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    As of 2023, what significant political event has affected Thailand?

    <p>It experienced a military coup in 2014 (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes Vietnam's military alliances?

    <p>Vietnam is not part of any military alliance (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which country's military expenditures have shown significant growth between 2002 and 2022?

    <p>Both Vietnam and Thailand (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a limitation of the SIPRI trend indicator value index (TIV)?

    <p>It is not comparable to other financial values of armament (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many coups has Thailand experienced since 1932, up until 2014?

    <p>20 (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Southeast Asia's Rising Arms Acquisition

    The increase in spending by Southeast Asian countries on military technology, particularly noticeable in Vietnam and Thailand.

    Arms Race

    A situation where countries compete with each other to have the most powerful military forces. It can lead to instability and tension.

    Military Expenditures

    The amount of money a country spends on its military. It can reveal a country's military priorities and power.

    Marine

    The branch of the military responsible for fighting on the sea.

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    Airforce

    The branch of the military responsible for fighting in the air.

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    What type of weapons does Vietnam import the most?

    Air defense systems, such as missiles and radars, are the most significant category of weapons imported by Vietnam in the period 2004-2023, comprising 41% of total imports.

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    What is Vietnam's second most prevalent weapon import?

    Aircraft, which include fighter jets, bombers, and transport planes, represent the second largest category of weapons imported by Vietnam, accounting for 16% of total imports.

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    What type of weapon does Thailand import the most?

    Thailand's primary weapon import category is armored vehicles, encompassing tanks, armored personnel carriers, and other heavily protected vehicles. These vehicles represent 32% of their total imports.

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    What is Thailand's second most prevalent weapon import?

    Thailand's second most imported weapon type is aircraft, contributing 20% to their total imports. This category likely includes fighter jets and transport aircraft.

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    What is Thailand's third most prevalent weapon import?

    Thailand's third largest weapon category is artillery, representing 15% of their total weapons imports. This category includes various weapons that fire projectiles, like cannons and howitzers.

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    SIPRI Trend Indicator Value (TIV)

    A tool used by SIPRI (Stockholm International Peace Research Institute) to compare the military capabilities of different countries. It considers factors like weapon size, performance, electronics, age, and whether they are new or used.

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    Neutrality in foreign policy

    A country that does not participate in military alliances, does not host foreign military bases, and does not engage in armed conflicts.

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    Military government

    A country with a military force that is under the direct control of the government, rather than being independent from civilian authority.

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    Constitutional monarchy

    A country with a political system where the ruler is a monarch (like a king or queen) and the power is inherited.

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    Socialist republic

    A country with a political system where the government is based on socialist principles, meaning that the means of production are owned and controlled by the state.

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    US Ally

    A country that has a strong military alliance with the United States, meaning they cooperate in defense matters.

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    Frequent Military Coups

    Several changes in government leadership through military coups, where the military takes over power by force.

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    Vietnam's Acquisition Sources: 2004-2023

    The majority of Vietnam's acquisitions (81%) between 2004 and 2023 came from 8 specific countries: Belarus, Czech Republic, Israel, Netherlands, Sweden, Ukraine, United Kingdom, and United States.

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    Thailand's Acquisition Sources: 2004-2023

    China and France were the primary acquirers of Thai assets between 2004 and 2023, holding a combined 26% of the market share.

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    Largest Acquisition Groups in Vietnam

    In Vietnam, the Netherlands and the United States were the most significant acquisitions from specific countries between 2004 and 2023.

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    Largest Acquirer of Thai Assets

    The largest acquirer of Thai assets between 2004 and 2023 was China, holding a significant market share of 14%.

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    Israel Acquisition Presence

    Israel stands out as a notable acquisition source for both Vietnam and Thailand, contributing a modest but consistent presence in both markets.

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    Vietnam & Thailand Acquisition Contrast

    Overall, Vietnam and Thailand exhibit distinct acquisition patterns, with Vietnam dominated by a diverse mix of countries and Thailand primarily focused on China and France.

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    The Significance of 'Others'

    The 'Others' category represents a collection of smaller acquisition groups that contribute a significant share of acquisitions in both Vietnam and Thailand.

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    Comparison of 'Others' in Vietnam and Thailand

    The 'Others' category of acquisition sources in Vietnam is comparatively larger than that in Thailand, indicating a wider array of smaller acquirers.

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    Study Notes

    Arms Race in Southeast Asia

    • Military expenditure in Southeast Asia has risen steadily since 2004.
    • All military capabilities have increased.
    • The graph shows a general increase in weapons acquisition in Southeast Asia.

    Case Studies: Vietnam and Thailand

    • Vietnam:

      • Socialist republic since 1975.
      • No military alliances or foreign bases.
      • Neutral, not involved in conflicts.
    • Thailand:

      • Constitutional monarchy since 1932.
      • Military coups, last one in 2014.
      • Under military government until 2023.
      • Ally of the US.

    Military Acquisitions (2004-2023)

    • Vietnam:

      • Largest acquisitions: ships and aircraft.
      • Major increase in purchases in 2014-2018.
      • Significant drop in purchases in 2019-2023.
      • 70% of total acquisitions were 2 types of weapons systems.
      • 81% of acquisitions came from Russia.
    • Thailand:

      • Largest acquisitions: aircraft and armored vehicles.
      • Major increase in purchases in 2014-2018.
      • Significant drop in purchases in 2019-2023.
      • Bought a wide variety of weapon systems.
      • Main providers: China, United States, and Ukraine.

    Data Collection Methods

    • SIPRI TIV (Trend Indicator Value): A tool used for weapon systems comparisons.
    • Based on factors such as size, performance, and characteristics of weaponry.
    • Not a true reflection of the real cost or comparable to military expenditure, sales values or financial worth of the weapon system.

    Summary of Class Topics

    • Basic observations of case studies and method of data collection.
    • Who bought what (detailed import breakdowns).
    • How international relations theory (IR theory) relates to the topic.

    Explanations for Arms Races

    • Neo-realism: Vietnam - Securing maritime routes. Gaining regional influence over China. Balancing power against geopolitical rivals. Thailand - Balancing power within the region, avoiding US dominance. Facing the security dilemma, making weapons purchases more affordable, and trying to acquire defense capabilities.
    • Neo-liberal institutionalism: Vietnam - Continuation of trade and political relationships with former allies (Russia), and diversified trade partners due to risk of isolation. Thailand - Arms trade a part of diplomacy with industrial cooperation with European countries.
    • Constructivism: Vietnam - Fear of China, and historical conflicts driving armament. Thailand - Intrastate issues and threats as main drivers of need for military buildup.
    • Political Sociology: Vietnam - Military has significant influence on the budget and public markets. Military procurement is secured. Thailand - Multiple military governments affecting budget decisions, and increase in military acquisitions after coups favouring the army (tanks).

    Conclusion

    • Dynamics suggest an arms race.
    • Important role of national politics, trade, and international cooperation in weapon purchases.
    • Militarization of Southeast Asian societies.
    • Risk of unintended conflict.

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    Description

    Explore the rising military expenditures and acquisitions in Southeast Asia, focusing on Vietnam and Thailand. This quiz delves into the military capabilities, trends in weapon systems, and the political contexts shaping these nations' defense strategies from 2004 to 2023.

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