40 Questions
What was the amount of cotton being produced in 1790?
1,000 tons
Where did the White Lion drop anchor in 1619?
James River, Virginia
Who recorded the arrival of the White Lion and the African slaves on board?
John Rolfe
What is the main difference between indentured servitude and slavery?
Voluntary vs. coerced contractual tie
What led to the decline of indentured servitude in North America?
Rise of black slavery
What made 'involuntary servitude' illegal in the U.S.?
Thirteenth Amendment
What was the main reason for the U.S. government's support of slavery?
Economic practicality
Who argued that excessive focus on English colonies omits the global nature of slavery?
Michael Guasco
What is the basis for Aristotle's assertion that certain individuals are slaves by nature?
Their physical strength and ability to use their bodies
What is the commonly cited date of the first arrival of Africans in the British North American colonies?
August 1619
What is the significance of the Declaration of Independence according to David McCullough?
It marked a major break with the colonial power
What were the citizen-soldiers of Washington's army fighting for after the Declaration of Independence?
For an independent America, a new America, and a new day of freedom and equality
Who remained calm and collected during the incident involving Demby?
Mr. Gore
Why did Mr. Gore whip Demby to death?
Demby was setting a bad example to the other slaves
What did Jefferson conduct in 1776?
A census of the number of souls in his family
What was the consequence of Mr. Gore's actions?
He was continued in his station as overseer
Who translated Aristotle's 'Politics'?
T.A. Sinclair
What was the name of the English privateer that brought the first Africans to the British North American colonies?
The White Lion
Why did Mr. Gore's crime go unpunished?
Slaves were not allowed to testify in court
What is the significance of the year 1776 in American history?
It was the year of the Declaration of Independence
Where did Mr. Gore live when Frederick Douglass last knew him?
St. Michael's, Talbot county, Maryland
What was the occasion of Frederick Douglass's famous anti-slavery speech?
July 4, 1852
What was Frederick Douglass's occupation?
Slave
What was the significance of Frederick Douglass's speech on July 4, 1852?
It was an influential speech in the abolitionist movement
What was the title of the speech delivered by Douglass to the Rochester Ladies' Anti-Slavery Society?
What to the slave is the Fourth of July?
How did some slaves occasionally gain their freedom?
By buying their freedom
What was the purpose of the measure passed in 1705 in New York?
To prevent runaway slaves from fleeing to Canada
How many states had abolished slavery by the time of the Constitutional Convention in 1787?
Five states
What was the purpose of the Fugitive Slave Clause in the U.S. Constitution?
To prevent the new free states from becoming safe havens for runaway slaves
Who included the Fugitive Slave Clause in the U.S. Constitution?
Pierce Butler and Charles Pinckney of South Carolina
How many clauses in the U.S. Constitution deal directly with slavery?
Five clauses
In which part of the U.S. Constitution can the Fugitive Slave Clause be found?
Article 4, Section 2, Clause 3
What was the title of the anti-slavery novel written by Harriet Beecher Stowe?
Uncle Tom's Cabin
What was the name of the project that re-interpreted the significance of the date 1619 in American history?
The 1619 Project
What is the name of the Mauritanian human rights activist who established the Initiative for the Resurgence of the Abolitionist Movement?
Biram Dah Abeid
What is the estimated number of slaves in Mauritania according to a 2020 estimate?
Between 140,000 and 600,000
What is the name of the article that discussed the controversy surrounding the 1619 Project?
The Fight Over the 1619 Project Is Not About the Facts
What is the form of slavery where young girls are provided as sexual slaves to atone for the sins of their family members?
Ritual slavery
What is the main argument of the 1619 Project regarding the founding of America?
America was founded as a slavocracy
What is the title of the book written by Hugh Brogan that discusses the history of the United States of America?
The Penguin History of the United States of America
Study Notes
Slavery and Its History
- Slavery is a bitter history of oppression, exploitation, hatred, and discrimination.
- August 1619 is considered the date of the first arrival of Africans in the British North American colonies, on board the White Lion, an English privateer.
- The American historian Howard Zinn suggests that the United States government's support of slavery was based on an overpowering practicality.
Aristotle's View on Slavery
- Aristotle believed that some people are slaves by nature, and it is better for them to be ruled.
- He compared the relationship between slaves and their masters to that between the soul and body, or between man and beast.
Indentured Servitude
- Indentured servitude is different from slavery, involving a contractual tie between master and servant.
- Indentured servants worked in exchange for the price of passage to a fixed destination, such as British North America.
- Indentured servitude eventually dwindled in North America as black slavery grew in importance.
The 13th Amendment and Involuntary Servitude
- The 13th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution made "involuntary servitude" illegal in the U.S.
- The amendment, along with the abolition of slavery, aimed to end the practice of forced labor.
Frederick Douglass and Slavery
- Frederick Douglass delivered a powerful anti-slavery speech on July 4, 1852, highlighting the hollowness of the freedom values of the United States.
- Douglass' speech, known as "What to the slave is the Fourth of July?", is considered an iconic text, still studied in history and English classes today.
Slaves' Attempts to Gain Freedom
- Some slaves managed to escape their masters to reach liberty in territories where slavery was unknown.
- Refugee slaves were occasionally given the opportunity to buy their freedom, although this was extremely rare.
- Statutes were adopted in the colonies as early as 1643 to deal with refugee slaves, offering bounties for the capture and return of escaped slaves.
The Fugitive Slave Clause
- The Fugitive Slave Clause (Article 4, Section 2, Clause 3) of the U.S. Constitution provided that "no person held to service or labor" would be released from bondage in the event they escaped to a free state.
- This clause is one of five clauses in the U.S. Constitution that dealt directly with slavery, although the word "slave" is not used.
The Legacy of Slavery
- Slavery continues to exist in contemporary forms, such as forced labor, sex trade, child slave trade, or ritual slavery.
- Mauritania, in 2020, was estimated to have between 140,000 and 600,000 slaves.
- The 1619 Project aims to provide a novel interpretation of how slavery shaped current American political, social, and economic institutions.
This quiz focuses on Aristotle's philosophical views on slavery, where he argues that some individuals are slaves by nature and are better off being ruled. It explores the concept of slavery and its historical context.
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