Argumentation Basics Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What best defines an argument?

Cannot be avoided in any discussion or debate

An emotional appeal designed to manipulate feelings.

Tendencies or influence that affect the views of people

Often take the form of statements that may either be claims or facts. (correct)

What is Bias?

Necessarily errors in reasoning

Tendencies or influences that affects the views of people (correct)

Logical reasoning connecting premises to a conclusion.

Personal anecdotes

What is fallacy of division?

What is true for the whole is true for its part (correct)

What is true for the part is true for its whole

What is true for its whole is true for every one

Non of the above

What do you mean by “begging the question”

Assuming the idea to be presented is true (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does“ad hominem”mean?

Attacking the person instead of the argument presented (D) Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the theory of dualism?

Plato (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of the soul according to Aristotle?

Vegetative , Sentiment, Rational (A) Signup and view all the answers

Who proposed the theory of emodiment/emobodied spirit?

Aristotle (B) Signup and view all the answers

What are the three parts of the soul according to Plato?

Rational, Spirited, Appetitive (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Sentiment part mean?

Has sense and mobility (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Emodiment mean?

Relationship b/w body and spirit (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Anthropocentrism mean?

Humans are superior and very important (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Biocentrism mean?

Not only humans but all organisms should be protected (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does Ecocentrism mean?

Great value of ecosystem and the nonliving and living are need to be protected (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does Correspondence bias mean?

Tendency to judge person‘s personality by his or her actions (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does “Confirmation bias” mean?

Tendency to look for and readily accept information when fits one own benefits (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does “Framing”?

Focusing on certain aspects of a problem while ignoring other aspects (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does “hindsight” mean?

The tendency to see past events as predictable or ascribe pattern (A) Signup and view all the answers

Conflict of Interest

A person is connected or a vasted interested in the issue being discussed (C) Signup and view all the answers

What does “Man”means

General term commonly used to refer to the entire human race (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does “Person”mean?

Much more complex term which generally refers to human being granted recognition of certain rights (B) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Plato's Philosophy

Plato, a student of Socrates, emphasized the importance of reason and the pursuit of knowledge.
He believed that the physical world is merely a shadow of a higher, more perfect reality, the realm of Forms.
Forms are eternal, unchanging, and perfect abstract concepts (e.g., beauty, justice, goodness).
The physical world is constantly changing, imperfect, and fleeting.
Plato argued that true knowledge comes from understanding the Forms.
He theorized that the soul existed before birth and was aware of the Forms.
Plato's political philosophy stressed the importance of philosopher-kings, who possessed both intellectual and moral virtues to guide the state effectively.
His ideal state was hierarchical.
His writings, many in the form of dialogues, explored philosophical topics like justice, virtue, and knowledge.

Aristotle's Philosophy

Aristotle, a student of Plato, emphasized observation and systematic study of the natural world.
He rejected Plato's theory of Forms, proposing that the essence of a thing is found within the thing itself, not in a separate realm.
Aristotle classified and cataloged life forms and the physical world.
He stressed the importance of empirical observation (using the senses) in acquiring knowledge.
He believed that knowledge is acquired through experience and the analysis of empirical data.
Aristotle developed a system of logic that focused on the relationship between concepts and statements.
He explored ethics, politics, and metaphysics in much detail.
Aristotle identified human flourishing (eudaimonia) as the ultimate goal of human life.
This happiness is achieved through virtue, practice, and reason.
He categorized virtues into intellectual and moral virtues.
He presented a detailed analysis of different forms of government, and believed that a balanced constitution was ideal.
Aristotle argued that the state exists for the good of its citizens.

Key Differences Between Plato and Aristotle

Plato focused on the realm of Forms, while Aristotle focused on the observable world.
Plato emphasized reason above all else, while Aristotle emphasized observation and experience.
Plato believed in innate knowledge (knowledge already within the soul), while Aristotle championed the role of experience in acquiring knowledge.

Similarities

Both Plato and Aristotle were influential Greek philosophers who profoundly shaped Western thought.
Both explored foundational questions about knowledge, justice, ethics, and the nature of reality.
They were strong proponents of reason and its importance in understanding the world.
Both made significant contributions to logic and methodology.

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Description

Test your understanding of the fundamentals of arguments in this quiz. Explore essential components that make up a valid argument and learn to distinguish between arguments and other forms of discourse. Perfect for students in philosophy or critical thinking courses.