30 Questions
What is the purpose of elaboration in presenting a theory or system?
To bring about clarity and detailed understanding of what is being presented
What is the art of argumentation, as defined in the text?
The art of influencing others, through the medium of reasoned discourse, to make the audience believe or act as we wish them to
What are the three types of rhetorical appeals, as described by Aristotle?
Logos, Ethos, and Pathos
What is the intellectual appeal, according to the text?
The use of hard facts, statistics, and logic
What is the goal of disseminating information properly?
To effectively communicate one's views and influence others
Why is it important to avoid logical fallacies in communicating?
To ensure that the argument is logical and persuasive
What is the main idea behind the argument that there is no need to raise taxes?
The government has not been efficient in collecting taxes that are already due.
What type of appeal is used in the statement 'A middle class family will lose more than 30% of its monthly income if taxes are raised.'?
Emotional appeal
What is the primary concern of the argument in relation to the government's tax collection?
Corruption and inefficiency in tax collection
What is the purpose of formal debates, as described in the passage?
Argumentative communication of a specific issue
What is the central claim of the argument against raising taxes?
Raising taxes is unnecessary because the government has not collected all the taxes that are already due.
What type of appeal is used in the statement 'The government has been remiss in its duty to efficiently and conscientiously collect what taxpayers owe them.'?
Ethical appeal
What is a debate and where can it take place?
A debate is a situation where there is a difference of opinion or argument, and it can take place in various settings such as government, everyday situations, work, or academic settings.
What are the essential steps to engage in a debate or argument?
Present valid arguments, explain relevant and credible data, listen to the opposing side, evaluate counter-arguments, identify fallacies, and make counterarguments.
What are fallacies in communication?
Fallacies are statements that reflect flaws and inconsistencies in one's reasoning.
What is a hasty generalization?
A hasty generalization is a logical fallacy that uses an unrepresentative sample to conclude a fact about a whole, often leading to stereotyping.
What is an example of a hasty generalization?
Like me, Filipinos are overemotional, sentimental fools when it comes to love and relationships.
Why is it important to avoid fallacies in communication?
Avoiding fallacies is important to ensure that arguments are logically justified and based on credible evidence.
What is the main weakness of an Argumentum Ad Hominem?
It avoids discussing the topic by attacking the person making the argument instead of their argument.
What is the goal of an Argumentum Ad Misericordiam?
To win support for an argument by exploiting feelings of pity or guilt.
What is the first step in arguing logically?
Examine an issue by doing relevant research on its different dimensions.
What should you do after presenting your arguments and evidence?
Listen to your opponents' arguments and weigh their evidence.
What should you do with your opponents' valid points?
Acknowledge them and point out the weaknesses in their claims.
What is the final step in arguing logically?
Make a summary of the key arguments.
What is the Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc fallacy and what does it translate to?
The Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc fallacy is an informal fallacy that states 'since event Y followed event X, event Y must have been caused by event X'. It translates to 'After this, therefore because of this'.
What is an example of the Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc fallacy?
A black cat crossed my path yesterday, after that my whole day was just one disaster after another. Therefore, black cats are harbingers of bad luck.
What is a Non Sequitur fallacy and what does it literally translate to?
A Non Sequitur fallacy is a pattern of reasoning rendered invalid by a flaw in its logical structure. It literally translates to 'It does not follow'.
What is an example of a Non Sequitur fallacy?
People have been having cancer even before cigarettes were invented, therefore smoking does not cause cancer.
What is an example of a false conclusion based on a Non Sequitur fallacy?
Potatoes are vegetables. Therefore, people should eat fries with every meal to get healthier.
Why are fallacies like Post Hoc Ergo Propter Hoc and Non Sequitur important to recognize in arguments?
Recognizing these fallacies is important because they can lead to misleading conclusions and flawed reasoning.
Test your understanding of the importance of expressing opinions and arguing logically. Learn about elaboration and argumentation, and how they help in presenting and developing theories, policies, and systems.
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