Podcast
Questions and Answers
What type of evidence is derived from the witness' own knowledge?
What type of evidence is derived from the witness' own knowledge?
Illustrations in evidence must always come from professional experiences.
Illustrations in evidence must always come from professional experiences.
False
What is the primary source of documentary evidence?
What is the primary source of documentary evidence?
Documents like public records or private writings.
TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE is derived from _________ statements given in courts.
TESTIMONIAL EVIDENCE is derived from _________ statements given in courts.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the type of evidence with its description:
Match the type of evidence with its description:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes unoriginal evidence?
Which of the following best describes unoriginal evidence?
Signup and view all the answers
Both testimonial evidence and documentary evidence can be used as separate forms of evidence.
Both testimonial evidence and documentary evidence can be used as separate forms of evidence.
Signup and view all the answers
List one type of evidence that can fall under testimonial evidence.
List one type of evidence that can fall under testimonial evidence.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of argumentation?
What is the primary purpose of argumentation?
Signup and view all the answers
All debates are considered forms of argumentation.
All debates are considered forms of argumentation.
Signup and view all the answers
What does the term 'commitment to rationality' refer to in argumentation?
What does the term 'commitment to rationality' refer to in argumentation?
Signup and view all the answers
A debate is a formal oral controversy between two opposing _____.
A debate is a formal oral controversy between two opposing _____.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
In an argument, the speaker provides _____ to support their claims.
In an argument, the speaker provides _____ to support their claims.
Signup and view all the answers
When someone argues against another's claim, they are engaging in a debate.
When someone argues against another's claim, they are engaging in a debate.
Signup and view all the answers
The arguer expresses their thoughts as if saying, 'You may use as much time as I ____.'
The arguer expresses their thoughts as if saying, 'You may use as much time as I ____.'
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary goal of an argument?
What is the primary goal of an argument?
Signup and view all the answers
An issue in a debate has only one side to consider.
An issue in a debate has only one side to consider.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the duty of the affirmative in a debate after the negative presents its arguments?
What is the duty of the affirmative in a debate after the negative presents its arguments?
Signup and view all the answers
A legal issue may refer to a person's lineal ________ or a group of securities offered for sale.
A legal issue may refer to a person's lineal ________ or a group of securities offered for sale.
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements about issues in court is true?
Which of the following statements about issues in court is true?
Signup and view all the answers
The burden of rebuttal may be shifted between the affirmative and the negative.
The burden of rebuttal may be shifted between the affirmative and the negative.
Signup and view all the answers
What must the negative do to avoid losing the debate?
What must the negative do to avoid losing the debate?
Signup and view all the answers
Match the following types of issues with their definitions:
Match the following types of issues with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
What is a characteristic of the best evidence rule?
What is a characteristic of the best evidence rule?
Signup and view all the answers
Expert evidence requires the special competence of the expert to be established before offering opinion evidence.
Expert evidence requires the special competence of the expert to be established before offering opinion evidence.
Signup and view all the answers
What are the three criteria for cogent reasoning?
What are the three criteria for cogent reasoning?
Signup and view all the answers
A _______ is a statement that provides reason or supports a conclusion in an argument.
A _______ is a statement that provides reason or supports a conclusion in an argument.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the evidence types with their descriptions:
Match the evidence types with their descriptions:
Signup and view all the answers
If the best evidence is lost, what is the next step according to the best evidence rule?
If the best evidence is lost, what is the next step according to the best evidence rule?
Signup and view all the answers
Cogent reasoning is always fallacious.
Cogent reasoning is always fallacious.
Signup and view all the answers
What is a conclusion in an argument?
What is a conclusion in an argument?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following fallacies suggests that a claim is true simply because a valid authority asserts it?
Which of the following fallacies suggests that a claim is true simply because a valid authority asserts it?
Signup and view all the answers
The appeal to ignorance fallacy is when a position is deemed true merely because it hasn't been proven false.
The appeal to ignorance fallacy is when a position is deemed true merely because it hasn't been proven false.
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main distinction between questioning the cause and effect relationship in an argument?
What is the main distinction between questioning the cause and effect relationship in an argument?
Signup and view all the answers
An argument that relies on inconsistencies in a position or argument is known as a ____________ fallacy.
An argument that relies on inconsistencies in a position or argument is known as a ____________ fallacy.
Signup and view all the answers
Match each reasoning type with its description:
Match each reasoning type with its description:
Signup and view all the answers
What is the process of moving from specific instances to a general conclusion called?
What is the process of moving from specific instances to a general conclusion called?
Signup and view all the answers
In inductive reasoning, at least one of the premises must be negative.
In inductive reasoning, at least one of the premises must be negative.
Signup and view all the answers
What must a term in a conclusion do to be considered distributed?
What must a term in a conclusion do to be considered distributed?
Signup and view all the answers
The basic form of disjunctive syllogism consists of _____ premises and a conclusion.
The basic form of disjunctive syllogism consists of _____ premises and a conclusion.
Signup and view all the answers
Match the parts of a syllogism with their definitions:
Match the parts of a syllogism with their definitions:
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following statements is true regarding disjunctive syllogism?
Which of the following statements is true regarding disjunctive syllogism?
Signup and view all the answers
If one premise is negative in a syllogism, the conclusion must also be negative.
If one premise is negative in a syllogism, the conclusion must also be negative.
Signup and view all the answers
What type of conclusion does inductive reasoning allow for?
What type of conclusion does inductive reasoning allow for?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Argumentation and Debate
- Argumentation is a communication process where a speaker uses reasoning to gain acceptance for a claim.
- Debate is a formal oral controversy between two opposing teams trying to persuade an audience. All debates are forms of argumentation.
- Argumentation and debate are rule-governed.
- Argumentation requires at least two parties with differing messages.
Social Conventions in Argumentation
- Bilaterality: Arguer acknowledges the right to contrary opinions.
- Self-risk: Arguer accepts the risk of being convinced by the opposition.
- Rationality: Arguer is committed to logical reasoning and giving reasons.
- Fairness Doctrine: Arguer commits to thorough argumentation.
General Rules in Debate
- Debate topic (proposition/resolution) is stated.
- Two teams (affirmative/negative) participate.
- Teams have equal numbers of debaters, and similar time allocations.
- Speakers deliver opening speeches (constructive), and closing speeches (rebuttals).
- Sides alternate presentations. A moderator ensures procedural adherence.
Proposition
- A proposition (resolution) is a statement identifying issues.
- It can be affirmed or denied. It serves as a premise or conclusion in a syllogism and can be expressed in various grammatical forms.
Types Of Propositions
- Fact: Pertaining to past, present, or future events. Aims to evaluate truthfulness.
- Explanation: Explains why something happened, is happening, or will happen. Deals with cause-effect relationships.
- Value: Asserts that something possesses specific desirable or undesirable qualities.
- Policy: Suggests a new policy or program implementation.
Burden of Proof/Rebuttal
- Burden of proof rests on the affirmative team to establish their claim.
- Burden of rebuttal falls on the negative team to refute the affirmative's position.
Issues in General Arguments
- Issues are points of dispute in an argument
- Primary goal of argumentation is to show a proposition is true.
- Explanation aims to show why a proposition is true.
- Reasoning moves forward from premises to a conclusion.
- Explanation reasons backward from a fact to its cause.
Evidence
- Proof is reasoning plus evidence.
- Evidence is factual support for reasoning.
- Evidence in courts is more tightly regulated.
Types of Evidence
- Real Evidence: Evidence presented as an object (e.g., a weapon).
- Personal Evidence: Provided by witness statements (oral or written).
- Documentary Evidence: Evidence from written or symbolic documents.
- Testimonial Evidence: Evidence given by firsthand observers.
Reasoning
- Reasoning, or argument, is the process of drawing conclusions using evidence.
- Cogent reasoning follows valid rules and includes all relevant evidence.
- Reasoning proceeds from premises (reasons) to a conclusion.
Types of Syllogism
- Categorical Syllogism: Uses categorical statements (e.g., all, no, some).
- Hypothetical Syllogism: Uses conditional statements (e.g., if, then).
- Disjunctive Syllogism: Presents mutually exclusive alternatives.
Fallacies
- Fallacies are flawed or misleading arguments.
- Recognizing and avoiding fallacies is critical for strong arguments. Many types of fallacies exist; therefore specific and detailed examples are needed.
Reasoning by Analogy/Cause
-
Reasoning by analogy: comparison between similar cases, usually in different classifications.
-
Causal reasoning: principle that every cause has an effect. Can be cause-to-effect, or effect-to-cause types. Often involves generalizing.
Deductive and Inductive Reasoning
- Deductive: Reasoning from general to specific.
- Inductive: Reasoning from specific to general.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
This quiz explores the fundamentals of argumentation and debate. It covers key concepts such as communication processes, social conventions, and general debate rules. Perfect for students seeking to understand the structure and dynamics of effective argumentation.
